REFERENCES
- Quilliam BJ, Lapane KL. Clinical correlates and drug treatment of residents with stroke in long-term care. Stroke. 2001; 32: 1385–1393.
- Christian JB, Lapane KL, Toppa RS. Racial disparities in receipt of secondary stroke prevention agents in US nursing homes. Stroke 2003; 34: 2693–2697.
- Lavizzo-Mourey R, Knickman JR. Racial disparities-the need for research and action. New Engl J Med 2001; 349: 1379–1380.
- Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR. Eds. Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003.
- Gurwitz JH, Monette J, Rochon PA, Eckler MA, Avorn J. Atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention with warfarin in the long-term care setting. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 978–984.
- McCormick D, Gurwitz JH, Goldberg RJ, Becker R, Tate JP, Elwell A, Radford MJ. Prevalence and quality of warfarin use for patients with atrial fibrillation in the long-term care setting. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 2458–2463.
- Leibson CL, Ransom JE, Brown RD, O'Fallon WM, Hass SL, Whisnant JP. Stroke-attributable nursing home use: A population-based study. Neurology 1998; 51: 163–8.
- Bernabei R, Gambassi G, Lapane K, Sgadari A, Landi F, Gatsonis C, Lipsitz L, Mor V. Characteristics of the sage database: A new resource for research on outcomes in long-term care. SAGE (systematic assessment of geriatric drug use via epidemiology) study group. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999; 54: M25–33.
- Hartmaier SL, Sloane PD, Guess HA, Koch GG. The MDS cognition scale: A valid instrument for identifying and staging nursing home residents with dementia using the Minimum Data Set. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994; 42: 1173–1179.
- Minimum Data Set plus training manual. Natick, MA: Eliot Press; 1991.
- CMS. gov Accessed on October 28th, 2002.
- Hughes CM, Lapane KL, Mor V. Influence of facility characteristics on use of antipsychotic medication use in nursing homes. Med Care 2000; 38: 1164–1173.
- Strahan G. An overview of nursing homes and their current residents: Data from the 1995 National Nursing Homes Survey: Advance data from the Vital and Health Statistics, No. 280, Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1997.
- Benesch C, Witter DM, Jr., Wilder AL, Duncan PW, Samsa GP, Matchar DB. Inaccuracy of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) in identifying the diagnosis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Neurology. 1997; 49: 660–664.
- Goldstein LB. Accuracy of ICD-9-CM coding for the identification of patients with acute ischemic stroke: Effect of modifier codes. Stroke. 1998; 29: 1602–1604.
- Leibson CL, Naessens JM, Brown RD, Whisnant JP. Accuracy of hospital discharge abstracts for identifying stroke. Stroke. 1994; 25: 2348–2355.
- Wolf PA, Clagett GP, Easton JD, Goldstein LB, Gorelick PB, Kelly-Hayes M, Sacco RL, Whisnant JP. Preventing ischemic stroke in patients with prior stroke and transient ischemic attack: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Stroke. 1999; 30: 1991–1994.
- SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT Software: Changes and Enhancement through Release 6. 12. ISBN 1-55544-873-9. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1997.
- Greenland S and Rothman KL. Concepts of interaction. In: Modern Epidemiology. Eds. Rothman KJ and Greenland S. Second edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 1998. pp. 329–332.
- Aaronson WE, Zinn JS, Rosko MD. Do for-profit and not-for-profit nursing homes behave differently? Gerontologist 1994; 34: 775–786.
- Spector WD, Takada HA. Characteristics of nursing homes that affect resident outcomes. J Aging Health 1991; 3: 427–454.
- Harrington C. Regulating nursing homes: Residential nursing facilities in the United States. BMJ 2001; 323: 507–510.
- Hughes CM, Lapane KL. Factors associated with the initiation and discontinuation of secondary stroke prevention agents in US nursing homes. J Stroke Cerebrovascular Disease 2004; 13: 164–170.
- Luskey KF. New Medicare payment system revolutionizes nursing in nursing homes. Tenn Nurse 1998; 61: 13–15.
- Beers MH, Fingold SF, Ouslander JG, Reuben DB, Morgenstern H, Beck JC. Characteristics and quality of prescribing by doctors practicing in nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993; 41: 801–807.
- Cleeland CS, Gonin R, Hatfield AK, Edmonson JH, Blum RH, Stewart JA, Pandya KJ. Pain and its treatment in outpatients with metastatic cancer. New Engl J Med 1994; 330: 592–596.
- Morrison RS, Wallenstein S, Natale DK, Senzel RS, Huang LL. “We don't carry that”-Failure of pharmacies in predominantly nonwhite neighborhoods to stock opioid analgesics. New Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1023–1026.
- Howard DL, Sloane PD, Zimmerman S, Eckert K, Walsh JF, Buie VC, Taylor P, Koch GG. Distribution of African Americans in residential care/assisted living and nursing homes: More evidence of racial disparity. Am J Pub Health 2002; 92: 1272–1277.
- Center for Health Systems Research and Analysis. Facility Guide for the nursing home quality indicators. National Data System. 1999. www. cms. hhs. gov/medicaid/ltcsp/manual. pdf Accessed on April 30th, 2003.