2
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

How Do Movement Disorders Fit in the Syndrome of CRPS?

Pages 19-23 | Published online: 04 Dec 2011

REFERENCES

  • Merskey H, Bogduk N. Complex regional pain syndrome, type I (Reflex sympathetic dystrophy). In: Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms, 2nd edn. IASP Press, Seattle, WA, 1994, pp. 41–42.
  • Veldman PH, Reynen HM, Arntz IE, Goris RJ. Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 1993;342:1012–6.
  • Harden RN, Bruehl S, Galer BS, Saltz S, Bertram M, Backonja M, Gayles R, Rudin N, Bhugra MK, Stanton-Hicks M. Complex regional pain syndrome: are the IASP diagnostic criteria valid and sufficiently comprehensive? Pain 1999:83:211–9.
  • van JJHilten , Blumberg H, Schwartzman RJ. Movement Disorders and Dystrophy–Pathophysiology and Measurement. In CRPS: Current Diagnosis and Therapies, Progress in Pain Research and Management, Vol 32, edited by Peter Wilson, Michael Stanton-Hicks, and Norman Harden, IASP Press, Seattle, 2005.
  • Schwartzman RJ, Kerrigan J. The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Neurology 1990;40:57–61.
  • Hilten van JJ, van de Beek WJ, Vein AA, van Dijk JG, Middelkoop HA. Clinical aspects of multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Neurology 2001 26;56:1762–5.
  • Oyen WJ, Arntz IE, Claessens RM, Van der Meer JW, Corstens FH, Goris RJ. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the hand: an excessive inflammatory response? Pain 1993; 55: 151–7.
  • Huygen FJ, De Bruijn AG, De Bruin MT, Groeneweg JG, Klein J, Zijlstra FJ. Evidence for local inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Mediators Inflamm 2002;11:47–51.
  • Holzer P. Maggi CA. Dissociation of dorsal root ganglion neurons into afferent and efferent-like functions. Neuroscience 1998;86:389–98.
  • Brain SD, Moore PK (eds.). Pain and Neuro-genic inflammation. 1999. Birkhauser verlag. ISBN 3-7643-5875-0.
  • Blair SJ, Chinthagada M, Hoppenstehdt D, Kijowski R, Fareed J. Role of neuropeptides in pathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Acta Orthop Belg 1998; 64: 448–51.
  • Weber M, Birklein F, Neundorfer B, Schmetlz M. Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2001;91:251–7.
  • Birklein F, Schmelz M, Schifter S, Weber M. The important role of neuropeptides in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology. 2001; 26:2179–84.
  • Leis S, Weber M, Isselmann A, Schmelz M, Birklein F. Substance-P-induced protein extravasation is bilaterally increased in complex regional pain syndrome. Exp Neurol. 2003; 183:197–204.
  • Girlanda P, Quartarone A, Battaglia F, Pcciolo G, Sinicropi S, Messina C. Changes in spinal cord excitability in patients affected by ulnar neuropthy. Neurology 2000;55:975–8.
  • Merzenich MM, Kaas JH, Wall JT, Sur M, Nelson RJ, Fellemann DJ. Progression of changes following median nerve section in the cortical representation of the hand in areas 3b and 1 in adult owl and squirrel monkey Neuroscience 1983; 10: 639–65.
  • Cohen LG, Bandinelli S, Findley TW, Hallet M. Motor reorganization after upper limb amputation in man. A study with focal magnetic stimulation. Brain 1991;114:615–27.
  • Beek van de WJT, Vein A, Hilgevoord AAJ, Dijk van JG, Hilten van JJ. Neurophysiological aspects of patients with generalized or multifocal dystonia in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Clin Neurophysiology 2002;19:77–83.
  • Schouten AC, Beek van de WJT, Hilten van JJ, Helm van der FCT. Proprioceptive reflexes in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Exp Brain Res 2003;151:1–8.
  • Hilten van JJ, van de Beek WJT, Hoff JI, Voormolen JH, Delhaas EM. Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of dystonia in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 625–30.
  • Rudomin P. Presynaptic inhibition of muscle spindle and tendon organ afferents in the mammalian spinal cord. TINS 1990;13:499–505.
  • Jankowska E. Interneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors. Prog Neurobiol 1992;38:335–78.
  • Woolf CJ, Mannion RJ. Neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms, and management. Lancet 1999;353:1959–64.
  • Samad TA, Moore KA, Sapirstein A, Billet S, Allchorne A, Poole S, Bonventre JV, Woolf CJ. Interleukin-1b-mediated induction of Cox-2 in the CNS contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Nature 2001; 410: 471–5.
  • Woolf C, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide synergistically modulate the gain of the nociceptive flexor withdrawal reflex in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 1986; 15;66:226–30.
  • Parsons AM, Honda CN, Jiay P, et al. Spinal NK1 receptors contribute to the increased excitability of the nociceptive flexor reflex during persistent peripheral inflammation. Brain Res 1996;739:263–75.
  • Black PH. Stress and the inflammatory response: a review of neurogenic inflammation Brain Behav Immun. 2002;16:622–53.
  • Harden NR, Bruehl S. Diagnostic Criteria: The statistical Derivation of the Four Criteriaon Factors (45-58). In CRPS: Current Diagnosis and Therapy, Progress in Pain Research and Management, Vol 32, edited by Peter Wilson, Micheal Stanton-Hicks, and R Norman Harden, IASP Press, Seattle, 2005.
  • Jankovic J, Van der Linden C. Dystonia and tremor induced by peripheral trauma: predisposing factors. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51(12): 1512–9.
  • Schott GD. Induction of involuntary movements by peripheral trauma: an analogy with causalgia. Lancet 1986; 2(8509):712–6.
  • Fletcher NA, Harding AE, Marsden CD. The relationship between trauma and idiopathic torsion dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54(8): 713–7.
  • Cardoso F, Jankovic J. Peripherally induced tremor and parkinsonism. Arch Neurol 1995; 52(3): 263–70.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.