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Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases Volume 12, 1980 - Issue 2
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Main Article

The Effect of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal and Nasal Carriage of Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Elja Herva Public Health Laboratories, Oulu and Helsinki
,
Jukka Luotonen Departments of Otolaryngology, University of Oulu, Oulu
,
Matti Timonen Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
,
Mervi Sibakov Public Health Laboratories, Oulu and Helsinki
,
Pekka Karma Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
&
P. Helena Mäkelä Public Health Laboratories, Oulu and Helsinki
Pages 97-100 | Published online: 02 Jan 2015

References

  • . Ammann, A. J., Addiego, J., Wara, D. W., Lubin, B., Smith, W. B. & Mentzer, W. C.: Polyvalent pneumococcal-polysaccharide immunization of patients with sickle-cell anemia and patients with splenectomy. N Engl J Med 297: 897, 1977.
  • . Artenstein, M. S., Gold, R., Zimmerly, J. G., Wyle, F. A., Schneider, H. & Harkins, C.: Prevention of meningococcal disease by group C polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 282: 417, 1970.
  • . Austrian, R., Howie, V. M. & Ploussard, J. H.: The bacteriology of pneumococcal otitis media. Johns Hopkins Med J 141: 104, 1977.
  • . Borgono, J. M., McLean, A. A., Vella, P. P., Woodhour, A. F., Canepa, I., Davidson, W. L. & Hilleman, M. R.: Vaccination and revaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in adults and infants. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 157: 148, 1978.
  • . Converse, G. M., III & Dillon, H. C., Jr: Epidemiological studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: Methods in isolating pneumococci. J Clin Microbiol 5: 293, 1977.
  • . Drew, W. L.: Value of sputum culture in diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 6: 62, 1977.
  • . Frølund Thomsen, V., Sederberg Olsen, J., Sørensen, H. & Thomsen, J.: Bacteriology and antibiotics in acute suppurative otitis media. J Otolaryngol 5: 289, 1976.
  • . Gotschlich, E. C., Goldschneider, I. & Artenstein, M. S.: Human immunity to the meningococcus. V. The effect of immunization with the meningococcal group C polysaccharide on the carrier state. J Exp Med 129: 1385, 1969.
  • . Greenwood, B. M., Hassan-King, M. & Whittle, H. C.: Prevention of secondary cases of meningococcal disease in household contacts by vaccination. Br Med J 1: 1317, 1978.
  • . Howie, V. M., Ploussard, J. H. & Sloyer, J. L.: Immunization against recurrent otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 85, Suppl. 25: 254, 1976.
  • . Kamme, C., Lundgren, K. & Mårdh, P.-A.: The aetiology of acute otitis media in children. Occurrence of bacteria, L forms of bacteria and mycoplasma in the middle ear exudate. Relationship between bacterial findings in the middle ear exudate, nasopharynx and throat. Scand J Infect Dis 3: 217, 1971.
  • . Karma, P., Luotonen, J., Timonen, M., Pöntynen, S., Pukander, J., Herva, E., Grönroos, P., Sibakov, M. & Mäkelä, P. H.: Pneumococcal vaccination of children with acute otitis media. Preliminary results of a field trial in Finland. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 1979. In press
  • . Leinonen, M. & Sivonen, A.: Serological grouping of meningococci and encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae strains by latex agglutination method. J Clin Microbiol 10: 404, 1979.
  • . Lennette, E. H., Spaulding, E. H. & Truant, J. P.: Manual of clinical microbiology, 2nd ed., pp. 109–115 and 302–307. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 1976.
  • . Mäkelä, P. H. & Peltola, H.: Group-specific meningococcal vaccination and epidemics caused by other groups of meningococci. Lancet 2: 780, 1978.
  • . Peltola, H., Mäkelä, P. H., Käyhty, H., Jousimies, H., Herva, E., Hällström, K., Sivonen, A., Renkonen, O.-V., Pettay, O., Karanko, V., Ahvonen, P. & Sarna, S.: Clinical efficacy of meningococcus group A capsular polysaccharide vaccine in children three months to five years of age. N Engl J Med 297: 686, 1977.
  • . Smit, P., Oberholzer, D., Hayden-Smith, S., Koornhof, H. F. & Hilleman, M. R.: Protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. JAMA 238: 2613, 1977.
  • . WHO Study Group.: Cerebrospinal meningitis control. WHO Tech Rep Ser 588: 29, 1976.

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