Phospholipid scramblase 1 expression is enhanced in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome

References

• Bevers EM, Galli M, Barbui T, Comfurius P, Zwaal RF. Lupus anticoagulant IgG's (LA) are not directed to phospholipids only, but to a complex of lipid-bound human prothrombin. Thromb Haemost. 1991;66:629–32.
   Google Scholar
• Galli M, Comfurius P, Maassen C, Hemker HC, de Baets MH, van Breda-Vriesman PJ, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) directed not to cardiolipin but to a plasma protein cofactor. Lancet. 1990;335:952–3.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuura E, Igarashi Y, Fujimoto M, Ichikawa K, Koike T. Anticardiolipin cofactor(s) and differential diagnosis of autoim-mune disease. Lancet. 1990;336:177–8.
   Google Scholar
• McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA. Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that induces a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: /32-glyco-protein I (apolipoprotein H). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87: 4120–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amengual O, Atsumi T, Khamashta MA, Hughes GRV. The role of the tissue factor pathway in the hypercoagulable state in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Thromb Haemost. 1998;79:276–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutters BC, Derksen RH, Tekelenburg WL, Lenting PJ, Arnout J, de Groot PG. Dimers of beta 2-glycoprotein I increase platelet deposition to collagen via interaction with phospholipids and the apolipoprotein E receptor 2'. J Biol Chem. 2003;278: 33831–8.
   Google Scholar
• Wied.mer T, Thou Q, Kwoh DY, Sims PJ. Identification of three new members of the phospholipid scramblase gene family. Bio-chim Biophys Acta. 2000;1467:244–53.
   Google Scholar
• Thou Q, Zhao J, Stout JG, Luhm RA, Wied.mer T, Sims PJ. Molecular cloning of human plasma membrane phospholipid scramblase. A protein mediating transbilayer movement of plasma membrane phospholipids. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:18240–4.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki E, Amengual O, Atsumi T, Oku K, Hashimoto T, Kataoka H, et al. Increased expression of phospholipid scramblase 1 in monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:1639–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, Cervera R, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syn-drome (APS). J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:295–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythe-matosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto Y, Kawamura M, Ichikawa K, Suzuki T, Sumida T, Yoshida S, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies in NZW x BXSB Fl mice. A model of antiphospholipid syndrome. J Immunol. 1992; 149:1063–8.
   Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) method. Methods. 2001;25:402–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Patel BM, Hughes GRV. Evaluation of the anti-cardiolipin antibody test: report of an international workshop held 4 April 1986. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987;68: 215–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amengual O, Atsumi T, Khamashta M, Koike T, Hughes GRV. Specificity of ELISA for antibody to /32-glycoprotein I in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35: 1239–43.
   Google Scholar
• Atsumi T, Ieko M, Bertolaccini ML, Ichikawa K, Tsutsumi A, Matsuura E, et al. Association of autoantibodies against the phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex with manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome and with the presence of lupus anticoagulant. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:1982–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt JT, Triplett DA, Alving B, Schaffer I. Criteria for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants: an update. On behalf of the Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Anti-body of the Scientific and Standardisation Committee of the ISTH. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74:1185–90.
   Google Scholar
• Bevers EM, Comfurius P, Dekkers DW, Zwaal RF. Lipid trans-location across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Bio-chim Biophys Acta. 1999;1439:317–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daleke D. Phospholipid flippases. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:821–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaal RF, Schroit AJ. Pathophysiologic implications of mem-brane phospholipid asymmetry in blood cells. Blood. 1997;89: 1121–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meroni PL, Borghi MO, Raschi E, Tedesco F. Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome: understanding the antibodies. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;7:330–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki J, Umeda M, Sims P, Nagata S. Calcium-dependent phospholipid scrambling by TMEM16F. Nature. 2010;468: 834–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao KW, Li D, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Silverman RH, Sims PJ, et al. Interferon-alpha-induced expression of phospholipid scramblase 1 through STAT1 requires the sequential activation of protein kinase Cdelta and JNK. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:42707–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Q, Zhao J, Al-Zoghaibi F, Thou A, Wiedmer T, Silverman RH, et al. Transcriptional control of the human plasma membrane phospholipid scramblase 1 gene is mediated by interferon-alpha. Blood. 2000;95: 2593–9.
   Google Scholar
• Nanjundan M, Sun J, Zhao J, Thou Q, Sims PJ, Wiedmer T. Plasma membrane phospholipid scramblase 1 promotes EGF-dependent activation of c-Src through the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:37413–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao KW, Li X, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Li D, Peng ZG, et al. Protein kinase Cdelta mediates retinoic acid and phorbol myristate acetate-induced phospholipid scramblase 1 gene expression: its role in leukemic cell differentiation. Blood. 2004;104:3731–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thou Q, Zhao J, Wiedmer T, Sims PJ. Normal hemostasis but defective hematopoietic response to growth factors in mice deficient in phospholipid scramblase 1. Blood. 2002;99:4030–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernales I, Fullaondo A, Marin-Vidalled MJ, Ucar E, Martinez-Taboada V, Lopez-Hoyos M, et al. Innate immune response gene expression profiles characterize primary antiphospholipid syn-drome. Genes Immun. 2008;9:38–46.
   Google Scholar
• Cuadrado MJ, Lopez-Pedreira C, Khamashta MA, Camps MT, Tinahones F, Tones A, et al. Thrombosis in primary anti-phospholipid syndrome. A pivotal role for monocyte tissue factor expression. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:834–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar