The economic implications of switching to rivaroxaban from enoxaparin plus vitamin K antagonist in the treatment of venous thromboembolism

References

• Heit JA. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28:370-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Venous thromboembolism in adult hospitalizations - United States, 2007–2009. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2012;61(22):401–4
   Google Scholar
• Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Cogo A, et al. The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:1-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e419S-94S . https://doi.org/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins MH, Lensing AW, Bauersachs R, et al. Oral rivaroxaban versus standard therapy for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism: a pooled analysis of the EINSTEIN-DVT and PE randomized studies. Thrombosis J 2013;11:21. https://doi.org/http://www.thrombosisjournal.com/content/11/1/21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1287-97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullano MF, Willey V, Hauch O, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of health plan cost per venous thromboembolism or bleed event in patients with a prior venous thromboembolism event during hospitalization. JMCP 2005;11:663-73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prandoni P, Villalta S, Bagatella P, et al. The clinical course of deep-vein thrombosis. Prospective long-term follow-up of 528 symptomatic patients. Haematologica 1997;82:423-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodger MA, Kahn SR, Wells PS, et al. Identifying unprovoked thromboembolism patients at low risk for recurrence who can discontinue anticoagulant therapy. CMAJ: Can Med Assoc Journal 2008;179:417-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu T, Martinez I, Emmerich J. Venous thromboembolism: risk factors for recurrence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009;29:298-310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre P, Laliberte F, Nutescu EA, et al. All-cause and potentially disease-related health care costs associated with venous thromboembolism in commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid beneficiaries. JMCP 2012;18:363-74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacDougall DA, Feliu AL, Boccuzzi SJ, et al. Economic burden of deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and post-thrombotic syndrome. AJHP: Off J Am Soc Health-System Pharm 2006;63(20 Suppl 6):S5-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spyropoulos AC, Lin J. Direct medical costs of venous thromboembolism and subsequent hospital readmission rates: an administrative claims analysis from 30 managed care organizations. JMCP 2007;13:475-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2499-510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauskopf JA, Sullivan SD, Annemans L, et al. Principles of good practice for budget impact analysis: report of the ISPOR Task Force on good research practices—budget impact analysis. Value Health: J Int Soc Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2007;10:336-47
   Google Scholar
• Decision Resources. Venous Thromboembolism (January 2012). Data on file. Burlington, MA: 2012
   Google Scholar
• Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, et al. Predictors of survival after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based, cohort study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:445-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Bellen B, Prins M, Bamber L, et al. Reduction in Initial Length of Stay with Rivaroxaban Single-Drug Regimen versus LMWH-VKA Standard of Care: Findings from the EINSTEIN Trial Program. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts). 2012;120:Abstract 3419
   Google Scholar
• Bookhart BK, Haskell L, Bamber L, et al. Length of stay and economic consequences with rivaroxaban vs enoxaparin/vitamin K antagonist in patients with DVT and PE: findings from the North American EINSTEIN clinical trial program. J Med Econ 2014;17:691-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP); Outcomes by ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 451.11–451.19, 451.2, 453.40–453.42, 453.8–453.89, 453.9 (deep-vein thrombosis). 2010. Available at: http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.jsp?Parms=H4sIAAAAAAAAAKtMLE4sSvTzDDY0SHWJMEzMSjQxNUzyMzRM8oUwLDPAtBGQMk7yMzEAiYMYUAELKN_CEsK3TEuMdA1ODE5KTcoJcAxJTE5MyU7MTMtMBMI0CEjMSksFAGaE7yV3AAAAB240376632CFF7938732B923A9B8FA8046D6F964. Accessed July 24, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Spyropoulos AC, Hurley JS, Ciesla GN, et al. Management of acute proximal deep vein thrombosis: pharmacoeconomic evaluation of outpatient treatment with enoxaparin vs inpatient treatment with unfractionated heparin. Chest 2002;122:108-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Medicare Physician Fee Schedule. 2011. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/PFSlookup/index.html. Accessed November 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Fee Schedule. 2013. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ClinicalLabFeeSched/clinlab.html. Accessed March 25, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). National Health Care Expenses in the US Civilian Non-institutionalized Population, 2009, Statistical Brief #355. 2009. Available at: http://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/st355/stat355.pdf. Accessed September 4, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Analy$ource Online. Selected from NDDF data included with permission and copyrighted by First DataBank, Inc. 2014. Available at: http://www.analysource.com. Accessed March 11, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Truven Health Analytics. Red Book. 2012. Available at: http://micromedex.com/redbook. Accessed October 18, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Hirsh J, Fuster V, Ansell J, et al. American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guide to warfarin therapy. Circulation 2003;107:1692-711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Clinical Diagnostic Physician Fee Schedule. 2013. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/apps/physician-fee-schedule/search/search-criteria.aspx. Accessed April 17, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Analy$ource Online. Selected from NDDF data included with permission and copyrighted by First DataBank, Inc. 2014. Available at: http://www.analysource.com. Accessed February 7, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Groce JB. Initial management of deep venous thrombosis in the outpatient setting. AJHP: Off J Am Soc Health-System Pharm 2008;65:866-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapson VF, Hyers TM, Waldo AL, et al. Antithrombotic therapy practices in US hospitals in an era of practice guidelines. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1458-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panis LJ, Gooskens M, Verheggen FW, et al. Predictors of inappropriate hospital stay: a clinical case study. Int J Quality Health Care J Int Soc Quality Health Care/ISQua 2003;15:57-65
   Google Scholar
• Arcelus JI, Caprini JA, Monreal M, et al. The management and outcome of acute venous thromboembolism: a prospective registry including 4011 patients. J Vasc Surg 2003;38:916-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aujesky DA, Cornuz J, Bosson JL, et al. Uptake of new treatment strategies for deep vein thrombosis: an international audit. Int J Quality Health Care J Int Soc Quality Health Care/ISQua 2004;16:193-200
   Google Scholar
• Goldhaber SZ, Tapson VF. A prospective registry of 5451 patients with ultrasound-confirmed deep vein thrombosis. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:259-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith BJ, Weekley JS, Pilotto L, et al. Cost comparison of at-home treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin to inpatient treatment with unfractionated heparin. Int Med J 2002;32:29-34
   Google Scholar
• Lee M, Pao D, Hsu T, et al. Cost savings and effectiveness of outpatient treatment with low molecular weight heparin of deep vein thrombosis in a community hospital. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2004;11:e17-27
   Google Scholar
• Boccalon H, Elias A, Chale JJ, et al. Clinical outcome and cost of hospital vs home treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis with a low-molecular-weight heparin: the Vascular Midi-Pyrenees study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1769-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller CS, Grandi SM, Shimony A, et al. Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2012;110:453-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar