References
- . Ward WK, Bolgiano DC, McKnight B, Halter JB, Porte D Jr. Diminished B cell secretory capacity in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1984;74(4):1318–1328
- . Tsalikian E, Dunphy TW, Bohannon NV, . The effect of chronic oral antidiabetic therapy on insulin and glucagon responses to a meal. Diabetes. 1977;26(4):314–321
- . Bohannon NV, Karam JH, Lorenzi M, Gerich JE, Matin SB, Forsham PH. Plasma glucagon suppression by phenformin in man. Diabetologia. 1977;13(5):503–508
- . Nauck MA, Homberger E, Siegel EG, Allen RC, Eaton RP, Ebert R, . Incretin effects of increasing glucose loads in man calculated from venous insulin and C-peptide responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63(2):492–498
- . Kelley D, Mokan M, Veneman T. Impaired postprandial glucose utilization in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1994;43(12):1549–1557
- . Toft-Nielsen MB, Damholt MB, Madsbad S, . Determinants of the impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(8):3717–3723
- . Mitrakou A, Kelley D, Mokan M, . Role of reduced suppression of glucose production and diminished early insulin release in impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(1):22–29
- . Muller WA, Faloona GR, Aguilar-Parada E, Unger RH. Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes. Response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion. N Engl J Med. 1970;283(3):109–115
- . Hansen L, Deacon CF, Orskov C, Holst JJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)amide is transformed to glucagon-like peptide-1-(9-36)amide by dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the capillaries supplying the L cells of the porcine intestine. Endocrinology. 1999;140(11):5356–5363
- . Deacon CF, Pridal L, Klarskov L, Olesen M, Holst JJ. Glucagon-like peptide 1 undergoes differential tissue-specific metabolism in the anesthetized pig. Am J Physiol. 1996;271(3 pt 1):E458–E464
- . Ahrén B L-OMJP. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 reduces glycemia, sustains insulin levels, and reduces glucagon levels in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinology Metab. 2004;89(5):2078–2084
- . Drugstore.com Online Pharmacy. www.drugstore.com. Accessed December 14, 2008.
- . Braceras R, . Vildagliptin is as effective as TZDs in metformin failures: results of GALIANT—a primary care diabetes study. In: Abstract book from the 44th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. P 914. September 7–11, 2008; Rome, Italy
- . Boschmann M, . Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibition augments postprandial lipid mobilisation and oxidation in type 2 diabetic patients. In: Abstract book from the 44th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. P 916. September 7–11, 2008; Rome, Italy
- . Raz I, Hanefeld M, Xu L, Caria C, Williams-Herman D, Khatami H; Sitagliptin Study 023 Group. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2006;49(11):2564–2571
- . Hermansen K, Kipnes M, Luo E, Fanurik D, Khatami H, Stein P; Sitagliptin 035 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9(5):733–745
- . Charbonnel B, Karasik A, Liu J, Wu M, Meininger G; Sitagliptin 020 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(12):2638–2643
- . Rosenstock J, Brazg R, Andryuk PJ, Lu K, Stein P; Sitagliptin 019 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing pioglitazone therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Clin Ther. 2006;28(10): 1556–1568
- . Goldstein BJ, Feinglos MN, Lunceford JK, Johnson J, Williams-Herman DE; Sitagliptin 036 Study Group. Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(8):1979–1987
- . Bosi E, Camisasca RP, Collober C, Rochotte E, Garber AJ. Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control over 24 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(4):890–895
- . Ahrén B, . Vildagliptin improves á-cell glucose sensing in patients with type 2 diabetes. In: Abstract book from the 44th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. OP 75. September 7–11, 2008; Rome, Italy
- . Thuren T, . Vildagliptin is safe and well tolerated in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. In: Abstract book from the 44th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. OP 74. September 7–11, 2008; Rome, Italy
- . Goodman M, . Improved glycaemic control with vildagliptin 100 mg administered either as a morning or evening dose as add-on therapy to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Presented at: 44th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. P 913. September 7–11, 2008; Rome, Italy
- . Kothny W, . Cardiovascular safety profile of vildagliptin, a new DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In: Abstract book from the 44th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. P 915. September 7–11, 2008; Rome, Italy
- . DeFronzo R, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Alogliptin monotherapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Abstract 446 P. Diabetes. 2008;57( suppl 1):A133
- . Fleck P, Christopher R, Covington P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of alogliptin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Abstract 479 P. Diabetes. 2008;57( suppl 1):A143
- . Pratley R, Kipnes M, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Alogliptin added to sulfonylurea therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces HbA1c without increasing hypoglycemia. Abstract 445 P. Diabetes. 2008;57( suppl 1):A133
- . Pratley R, Reusch J, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to pioglitazone therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Abstract 478 P. Diabetes. 2008:57( suppl 1):A143
- . Rosenstock J, Rendell M, Gross J, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Alogliptin added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces HbA1c without increasing weight gain or hypoglycemia. Abstract 444 P. Diabetes. 2008;57( suppl 1):A132
- . Fleck P, Mekki Q, Kipnes M, Wilson C, Pratley R. Efficacy and safety of alogliptin and glyburide combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Presented at: 44th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. P 76. September 7–11, 2008; Rome, Italy
- . Nauck M, Ellis G, Fleck P, Wilson C, Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Abstract 477 P. Diabetes. 2008;57( suppl 1):A142