297
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Features

Drugs and Acute Porphyrias: Reasons for a Hazardous Relationship

, MD, , MD, , MD & , MD

References

  • . Kauppinen R. Porphyrias. Lancet. 2005;365(9455):241–252
  • . Puy H, Gouya L. Deybach JC. Porphyrias. Lancet. 2010;375(9718):924–937
  • . Ventura P. Le Porfirie. In: Brunetti P, Santeusanio F, eds. Trattato di Medicina Interna. Vol Malattie delle Ghiandole Endocrine, del Metabolismo e della Nutrizione. Padova: Piccin Nuova Libraria; 2011:931–952
  • . Desnick R. Porfirie. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, eds. Harrison principi di medicina interna, 15th ed. Milan: McGraw-Hill; 2002
  • . Elder GH, Hift RJ. Treatment of acute porphyria. Hosp Med. 2001;62(7):422–425
  • . Ventura P, Cappellini MD, Rocchi E. The acute porphyrias: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in internal and emergency medicine. Intern Emerg Med. 2009;4(4):297–308
  • . Thunell S. Porphyrins, porphyrin metabolism and porphyrias. I. Update. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2000;60(7):509–540
  • . Moore MR, Hift RJ. Drugs in the acute porphyrias—toxicogenetic diseases. Cell Mol Biol. 1997;43(1):89–94
  • . Ajioka RS, Phillips JD, Kushner JP. Biosynthesis of heme in mammals. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1763(7):723–736
  • . Heinemann IU, Jahn M, Jahn D. The biochemistry of heme biosynthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008;474(2):238–251
  • . Ponka P. Cell biology of heme. Am J Med Sci. 1999;318(4):241–256
  • . Leeper FJ. The biosynthesis of porphyrins, chlorophylls, and vitamin B12. Nat Prod Rep. 1989;6(2):171–203
  • . James MF, Hift RJ. Porphyrias. Br J Anaesth. 2000;85(1):143–153
  • . Abraham NG, Kappas A. Pharmacological and clinical aspects of heme oxygenase. Pharmacol Rev. 2008;60(1):79–127
  • . Abraham NG, Lin JH, Schwartzman ML, Levere RD, Shibahara S. The physiological significance of heme oxygenase. Int J Biochem. 1988;20(6):543–558
  • . McCoubrey WK Jr, Maines MD. The structure, organization and differential expression of the gene encoding rat heme oxygenase-2. Gene. 1994;139(2):155–161
  • . Shibahara S, Yoshizawa M, Suzuki H, Takeda K, Meguro K, Endo K. Functional analysis of cDNAs for two types of human heme oxygenase and evidence for their separate regulation. J Biochem. 1993;113(2):214–218
  • . Muller RM, Taguchi H, Shibahara S. Nucleotide sequence and organization of the rat heme oxygenase gene. J Biol Chem. 1987;262(14):6795–6802
  • . McCoubrey WK Jr, Ewing JF, Maines MD. Human heme oxygenase-2: characterization and expression of a full-length cDNA and evidence suggesting that the two HO-2 transcripts may differ by choice of polyadenylation signal. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992;295(1):13–20
  • . Li C, Hossieny P, Wu BJ, Qawasmeh A, Beck K, Stocker R. Pharmacologic induction of heme oxygenase-1. Antioxidants Redox Signaling. 2007;9(12):2227–2239
  • . Ponka P. Tissue-specific regulation of iron metabolism and heme synthesis: distinct control mechanisms in erythroid cells. Blood. 1997;89(1):1–25
  • . May BK, Dogra SC, Sadlon TJ, Bhasker CR, Cox TC, Bottomley SS. Molecular regulation of heme biosynthesis in higher vertebrates. Prog Nucl Acid Res Mol Biol. 1995;51:1–51
  • . Yoshino K, Munakata H, Kuge O, Ito A, Ogishima T. Haeme-regulated degradation of delta-aminolevulinate synthase 1 in rat liver mitochondria. J Biochem. 2007;142(4):453–458
  • . Ponka P, Schulman HM. Regulation of heme biosynthesis: distinct regulatory features in erythroid cells. Stem Cells. 1993;11( Suppl 1):24–35
  • . Ponka P, Schulman HM. Regulation of heme synthesis in erythroid cells: hemin inhibits transferrin iron utilization but not protoporphyrin synthesis. Blood. 1985;65(4):850–857
  • . Ponka P, Schulman HM. Distinct features of iron metabolism in erythroid cells: implications for heme synthesis regulation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1994;356:173–187
  • . Abraham N, Friedland M, Levere R. Heme metabolism in hepatic and erythroid cells. In: Brown E, ed. Progress in Hematology. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1983:75–130
  • . Ventura E, Rocchi E. Le Porfirie. In: Guarini G, Fiorelli G, Malliani A, Violi E, Volpe M, eds. Teodori 2000. Trattato di Medicina Interna, Vol 2, 6th ed. Rome: Società Editrice Universo; 2001:2301–2334
  • . Gross U, Hoffmann GF, Doss MO. Erythropoietic and hepatic porphyrias. J Inherit Metabol Dis. 2000;23(7):641–661
  • . Chemmanur AT, Bonkovsky HL. Hepatic porphyrias: diagnosis and management. Clin Liver Dis. 2004;8(4):807–838, viii
  • . Dombeck TA, Satonik RC. The porphyrias. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005;23(3):885–899
  • . Poblete-Gutierrez P, Wiederholt T, Merk HF, Frank J. The porphyrias: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Eur J Dermatol. 2006;16(3):230–240
  • . Canavese C, Gabrielli D, Guida C, Cappellini MD. [Nephrologists and porphyrias]. G Ital Nefrol. 2002;19(4):393–412
  • . Thunell S, Pomp E, Brun A. Guide to drug porphyrogenicity prediction and drug prescription in the acute porphyrias. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;64(5):668–679
  • . Gorchein A. Drug treatment in acute porphyria. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;44(5):427–434
  • . Deybach JC. Porphyria. Painful photosensitivity. Lancet. 2001;358( Suppl):S49
  • . Jose J, Saravu K, Shastry BA, Jimmy B. Drug use in porphyria: a therapeutic dilemma. Singapore Med J. 2008;49(10):e272–e275
  • . Sassa S. Gene-environmental interactions: lessons from porphyria. Environ Health Prev Med. 2003;7(6):254–263
  • . Fraser DJ, Podvinec M, Kaufmann MR, Meyer UA. Drugs mediate the transcriptional activation of the 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS1) gene via the chicken xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor (CXR). J Biol Chem. 2002;277(38):34717–34726
  • . Podvinec M, Handschin C, Looser R, Meyer UA. Identification of the xenosensors regulating human 5-aminolevulinate synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(24):9127–9132
  • . Porphyria South Africa online. http://www.porphyria.uct.ac.za
  • . Epnet. European Porphyria Network. http://www.porphyria-europe.com
  • . Brodie MJ. Drug safety in porphyria. Lancet. 1980;2(8185):86
  • . NAPOS. The Drug Database for Acute Porphyria. http://www.drugs-porphyria.org
  • . Larrey D, Tinel M, Letteron P, Geneve J, Descatoire V, Pessayre D. Formation of an inactive cytochrome P-450Fe(II)-metabolite complex after administration of amiodarone in rats, mice and hamsters. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986;35(13):2213–2220
  • . Green-Thompson RP, Riddick DS, Mackie JE, Marks GS, Halpert JR. Porphyrinogenic effects in chick embryo liver cell culture of chloramphenicol analogues that are mechanism-based inactivators of cytochrome P-450. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1991;69(4):526–530
  • . Zhao XJ, Jones DR, Wang YH, Grimm SW, Hall SD. Reversible and irreversible inhibition of CYP3A enzymes by tamoxifen and metabolites. Xenobiotica. 2002;32(10):863–878
  • . American Porphyria Foundation. http://www.porphyriafoundation.com
  • . Pelkonen O, Turpeinen M, Hakkola J, Honkakoski P, Hukkanen J, Raunio H. Inhibition and induction of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: current status. Arch Toxicol. 2008;82(10):667–715
  • . Handschin C, Lin J, Rhee J,. Nutritional regulation of hepatic heme biosynthesis and porphyria through PGC-1alpha. Cell. 2005;122(4):505–515
  • . DeLoskey RJ, Beattie DS. The effects of insulin and glucose on the induction and intracellular translocation of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984;233(1):64–71
  • . Martini CN, Romero DG, Yanes LL, Vila Mdel C. Induction of 5-aminolevulinate synthase by activators of steroid biosynthesis. Life Sci. 2007;81(1):19–25
  • . Giger U, Meyer UA. Induction of delta-aminolevulinate synthase and cytochrome P-450 hemoproteins in hepatocyte culture. Effect of glucose and hormones. J Biol Chem. 1981;256(21):11182–11190
  • . Andersson C, Bylesjo I, Lithner F. Effects of diabetes mellitus on patients with acute intermittent porphyria. J Intern Med. 1999;245(2):193–197
  • . Rodriguez JA, Martinez Mdel C, Gerez E, Batlle A, Buzaleh AM. Heme oxygenase, aminolevulinate acid synthetase and the antioxidant system in the brain of mice treated with porphyrinogenic drugs. Cell Mol Biol. 2005;51(5):487–494
  • . Ferrandiz ML, Devesa I. Inducers of heme oxygenase-1. Curr Pharmaceut Design. 2008;14(5):473–486
  • . Hift RJ, Thunell S, Brun A. Drugs in porphyria: From observation to a modern algorithm-based system for the prediction of porphyrogenicity. Pharmacol Ther. 2011;132(2):158–169
  • . Porphyria Australia. www.porphyria-australia.org
  • . Associazione Italiana Malati di Porfiria. http://www.amapo.it
  • . Asociación Española de Porfiria. http://porfiria.org
  • . British Porphyria Association. http://www.porphyria.org.uk
  • . Welsh Medicines Information Centre—Porphryria Information Centre. http://www.wmic.wales.nhs.uk/porphyria_info.php
  • . Elder G, Harper P, Badminton M, Sandberg S, Deybach JC. The incidence of inherited porphyrias in Europe. J Inherit Metabol Dis. 2013;36(5):849–857
  • . Elder GH, Hift RJ, Meissner PN. The acute porphyrias. Lancet. 1997;349(9065):1613–1617
  • . Thunell S, Harper P, Brock A, Petersen NE. Porphyrins, porphyrin metabolism and porphyrias. II. Diagnosis and monitoring in the acute porphyrias. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2000;60(7):541–559
  • . Thunell S. (Far) Outside the box: genomic approach to acute porphyria. Physiol Res/Acad Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca. 2006;55( Suppl 2):S43–S66
  • . Lavandera JV, Parera VE, Batlle A, Buzaleh AM. CYP2D6 polymorphisms in patients with porphyrias. Mol Med. 2006;12(9–10):259–263
  • . Lavandera JV, Batlle AM, Buzaleh AM. Metabolization of porphyrinogenic agents in brain: involvement of the phase I drug metabolizing system. A comparative study in liver and kidney. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2007;27(6):717–729
  • . Yoshida T, Biro P, Cohen T, Muller RM, Shibahara S. Human heme oxygenase cDNA and induction of its mRNA by hemin. Eur J Biochem/FEBS. 1988;171(3):457–461
  • . Pimstone NR, Engel P, Tenhunen R, Seitz PT, Marver HS, Schmid R. Inducible heme oxygenase in the kidney: a model for the homeostatic control of hemoglobin catabolism. J Clin Invest. 1971;50(10):2042–2050
  • . Sardana MK, Kappas A. Dual control mechanism for heme oxygenase: tin(IV)-protoporphyrin potently inhibits enzyme activity while markedly increasing content of enzyme protein in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;84(8):2464–2468
  • . Grosser N, Abate A, Oberle S,. Heme oxygenase-1 induction may explain the antioxidant profile of aspirin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;308(4):956–960
  • . Choi BM, Kim YM, Jeong YR,. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 is involved in anti-proliferative effects of paclitaxel on rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;321(1):132–137
  • . Visner GA, Lu F, Zhou H, Liu J, Kazemfar K, Agarwal A. Rapamycin induces heme oxygenase-1 in human pulmonary vascular cells: implications in the antiproliferative response to rapamycin. Circulation. 2003;107(6):911–916
  • . Lee TS, Chang CC, Zhu Y, Shyy JY. Simvastatin induces heme oxygenase-1: a novel mechanism of vessel protection. Circulation. 2004;110(10):1296–1302
  • . Loboda A, Jazwa A, Jozkowicz A,. Atorvastatin prevents hypoxia-induced inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression but does not affect heme oxygenase-1 in human microvascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis. 2006;187(1):26–30
  • . Motterlini R, Foresti R, Intaglietta M, Winslow RM. NO-mediated activation of heme oxygenase: endogenous cytoprotection against oxidative stress to endothelium. Am J Physiol. 1996;270(1 Pt 2):H107–H114
  • . Abdel Aziz MT, El-Asmer MF, Mostafa T,. Heme oxygenase vs. nitric oxide synthase in signaling mediating sildenafil citrate action. J Sex Med. 2007;4(4 Pt 2):1098–1107
  • . Sun J, Kim SJ, Park MK,. Selective activation of adrenergic beta1 receptors induces heme oxygenase 1 production in RAW264.7 cells. FEBS Lett. 2005;579(25):5494–5500
  • . Deng YM, Wu BJ, Witting PK, Stocker R. Probucol protects against smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulating heme oxygenase-1. Circulation. 2004;110(13):1855–1860
  • . Pagnin E, Giacon B, Zaghetto F,. Arterial hypertension and oxidative stress induced by cyclosporin. Effect of carvedilol. Ann Ital Med Intern. 2001;16(2):101–105
  • . Maines MD. Heme oxygenase: function, multiplicity, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical applications. FASEB J. 1988;2(10):2557–2568
  • . Smith TJ, Drummond GS, Kourides IA, Kappas A. Thyroid hormone regulation of heme oxidation in the liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1982;79(23):7537–7541
  • . Ishizaka N, de Leon H, Laursen JB,. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension increases heme oxygenase-1 expression in rat aorta. Circulation. 1997;96(6):1923–1929
  • . Harrison EM, McNally SJ, Devey L, Garden OJ, Ross JA, Wigmore SJ. Insulin induces heme oxygenase-1 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and the Nrf2 transcription factor in renal cells. FEBS J. 2006;273(11):2345–2356
  • . Immenschuh S, Kietzmann T, Hinke V, Wiederhold M, Katz N, Muller-Eberhard U. The rat heme oxygenase-1 gene is transcriptionally induced via the protein kinase A signaling pathway in rat hepatocyte cultures. Mol Pharmacol. 1998;53(3):483–491
  • . Cantoni L, Rossi C, Rizzardini M, Gadina M, Ghezzi P. Interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor induce hepatic haem oxygenase. Feedback regulation by glucocorticoids. Biochem J. 1991;279(Pt 3):891–894
  • . Kutty RK, Nagineni CN, Kutty G, Hooks JJ, Chader GJ, Wiggert B. Increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by transforming growth factor-beta. J Cell Physiol. 1994;159(2):371–378
  • . Polte T, Hemmerle A, Berndt G, Grosser N, Abate A, Schroder H. Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces cyclosporin toxicity in renal cells: role of cGMP and heme oxygenase-1. Free Rad Biol Med. 2002;32(1):56–63
  • . Motterlini R, Green CJ, Foresti R. Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by redox signals involving nitric oxide. Antioxidants Redox Signaling. 2002;4(4):615–624
  • . Gong P, Stewart D, Hu B,. Activation of the mouse heme oxygenase-1 gene by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) is mediated by the stress response elements and transcription factor Nrf2. Antioxidants Redox Signaling. 2002;4(2):249–257
  • . Nascimento-Silva V, Arruda MA, Barja-Fidalgo C, Villela CG, Fierro IM. Novel lipid mediator aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 induces heme oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005;289(3):C557–C563
  • . Sacerdoti D, Colombrita C, Di Pascoli M,. 11,12-epoxyeico-satrienoic acid stimulates heme-oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells. Prostagland Other Lipid Mediators. 2007;82(1–4):155–161
  • . Immenschuh S, Ramadori G. Gene regulation of heme oxygenase-1 as a therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000;60(8):1121–1128
  • . Motterlini R, Foresti R, Bassi R, Green CJ. Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, induces heme oxygenase-1 and protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress. Free Rad Biol Med. 2000;28(8):1303–1312
  • . Liu LG, Yan H, Zhang W,. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 in human hepatocytes to protect them from ethanol-induced cytotoxicity. Biomed Environ Sci. 2004;17(3):315–326
  • . Chen C, Pung D, Leong V,. Induction of detoxifying enzymes by garlic organosulfur compounds through transcription factor Nrf2: effect of chemical structure and stress signals. Free Rad Biol Med. 2004;37(10):1578–1590
  • . Jeong WS, Keum YS, Chen C,. Differential expression and stability of endogenous nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by natural chemopreventive compounds in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2005;38(2):167–176
  • . Chen CY, Jang JH, Li MH, Surh YJ. Resveratrol upregulates heme oxygenase-1 expression via activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 in PC12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;331(4):993–1000
  • . Sorrenti V, Mazza F, Campisi A,. Heme oxygenase induction by cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucoside in cultured human endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007;51(5):580–586
  • . Foresti R, Hoque M, Monti D, Green CJ, Motterlini R. Differential activation of heme oxygenase-1 by chalcones and rosolic acid in endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;312(2):686–693
  • . Scapagnini G, Foresti R, Calabrese V, Giuffrida Stella AM, Green CJ, Motterlini R. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester and curcumin: a novel class of heme oxygenase-1 inducers. Mol Pharmacol. 2002;61(3):554–561
  • . Chen JX, Zeng H, Chen X, Su CY, Lai CC. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by Ginkgo biloba extract but not its terpenoids partially mediated its protective effect against lysophosphatidylcholine-induced damage. Pharmacol Res. 2001;43(1):63–69
  • . Keyse SM, Tyrrell RM. Heme oxygenase is the major 32-kDa stress protein induced in human skin fibroblasts by UVA radiation, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium arsenite. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86(1):99–103
  • . Shibahara S, Muller RM, Taguchi H. Transcriptional control of rat heme oxygenase by heat shock. J Biol Chem. 1987;262(27):12889–12892
  • . Wagner CT, Durante W, Christodoulides N, Hellums JD, Schafer AI. Hemodynamic forces induce the expression of heme oxygenase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest. 1997;100(3):589–596
  • . Gemsa D, Woo CH, Fudenberg HH, Schmid R. Stimulation of heme oxygenase in macrophages and liver by endotoxin. J Clin Invest. 1974;53(2):647–651
  • . Matsuura Y, Watanabe H, Fukuda T, Yoshida T, Kuroiwa Y. A sustained increase of microsomal heme oxygenase activity following treatment of rats with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Corynebacterium parvum: its possible relation to the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content. J Pharmacobio Dynam. 1985;8(8):669–678
  • . Jordi-Racine AL, Alvarez E, Reichen J. The effect of hypoxia on hepatic cytochromes and heme turnover in rats in vivo. Experientia. 1988;44(4):343–345
  • . Lee PJ, Alam J, Sylvester SL, Inamdar N, Otterbein L, Choi AM. Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression in vivo and in vitro in hyperoxic lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1996;14(6):556–568
  • . Bakken AF, Thaler MM, Schmid R. Metabolic regulation of heme catabolism and bilirubin production. I. Hormonal control of hepatic heme oxygenase activity. J Clin Invest. 1972;51(3):530–536
  • . Maines MD, Kappas A. Cobalt induction of hepatic heme oxygenase; with evidence that cytochrome P-450 is not essential for this enzyme activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1974;71(11):4293–4297
  • . Sardana MK, Drummond GS, Sassa S, Kappas A. The potent heme oxygenase inducing action of arsenic and parasiticidal arsenicals. Pharmacology. 1981;23(5):247–253
  • . Alam J, Den Z. Distal AP-1 binding sites mediate basal level enhancement and TPA induction of the mouse heme oxygenase-1 gene. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(30):21894–21900
  • . Stout DL, Becker FF. Heme enzyme patterns in genetically and chemically induced mouse liver tumors. Cancer Res. 1986;46(6):2756–2759
  • . Disler PB, Blekkenhorst GH, Eales L, Moore MR, Straughan J. Guidelines for drug prescription in patients with the acute porphyrias. S Afr Med J. 1982;61(18):656–660

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.