77
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Features

Testosterone Supplementation Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

, MD, PhD, FRCSC, , MD, PhD, , PhD & , MD

References

  • . Berthold A. Transplantation of testis [article in German]. Arch Anat Physiol Wissensch. 1849;16:42–46
  • . Brown-Sequard C. The effects produced on man by subcutaneous injections of liquid obtained from the testicles of animals. Lancet. 1889;2(3438):105
  • . David K, Dingemanse E, Freud J, Laqueur E. On crystalline male hormone from testicles (testosterone) effective as from urine or from cholesterol [article in German]. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1935;233(5–6):281
  • . Freeman ER, Bloom DA, McGuire EJ. A brief history of testosterone. J Urol. 2001;165(2):371–373
  • . Butenandt A, Hanisch G. The conversion of dehydroandrosterone into androstenol-(17)-one-3 (testosterone); a method for the production of testosterone from cholesterol (preliminary communication) [article in German]. Chemische Berichte. 1935;68:1859–1862
  • . Ruzickan L, Wettstein A. The crystalline production of the testicle hormone, testosterone (Androsten-3-ol-17-ol) [article in German]. Helvetica Chimica Acta. 1935;18:1264–1275
  • . Schwarz S, Onken D, Schubert A. The steroid story of Jenapharm: from the late 1940s to the early 1970s. Steroids. 1999;64(7):439–445
  • . Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(3):502–521
  • . Coward RM, Rajanahally S, Kovac JR, Smith RP, Pastuszak AW, Lipshultz LI. Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism in young men. J Urol. 2013;190(6):2200–2205
  • . Kovac JR, Rajanahally S, Smith RP, Coward RM, Lamb DJ, Lipshultz LI. Patient satisfaction with testosterone replacement therapies: the reasons behind the choices. J Sex Med. 2013;11(2):553–562
  • . Smith RP, Khanna A, Coward RM,. Factors Influencing Patient Decisions to Initiate and Discontinue Subcutaneous Testosterone Pellets (Testopel) for Treatment of Hypogonadism. J Sex Med. 2013;10(9):2326–2333
  • . Nigro N, Christ-Crain M. Testosterone treatment in the aging male: myth or reality? Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13539
  • . Bassil N, Alkaade S, Morley JE. The benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy: a review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2009;5(3):427–448
  • . Matsumoto AM. Andropause: clinical implications of the decline in serum testosterone levels with aging in men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(2):M76–M99
  • . Bassil N. Late-onset hypogonadism. Med Clin North Am. 2011;95(3):507–523
  • . Araujo AB, Esche GR, Kupelian V,. Prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(11):4241–4247
  • . Mulligan T, Frick MF, Zuraw QC, Stemhagen A, McWhirter C. Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60(7):762–769
  • . Zitzmann M, Faber S, Nieschlag E. Association of specific symptoms and metabolic risks with serum testosterone in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(11):4335–4343
  • . Hall SA, Esche GR, Araujo AB,. Correlates of low testosterone and symptomatic androgen deficiency in a population-based sample. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(10):3870–3877
  • . Bhasin S, Matsumoto AM. Patient information page from The Hormone Foundation. Patient guide to testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2p following 3085
  • . Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ,. Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2536–2559
  • . Kelleher S, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ. Blood testosterone threshold for androgen deficiency symptoms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(8):3813–3817
  • . Haider A, Gooren LJ, Padungtod P, Saad F. Improvement of the metabolic syndrome and of non-alcoholic liver steatosis upon treatment of hypogonadal elderly men with parenteral testosterone undecanoate. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2010;118(3):167–171
  • . Yassin AA, Saad F. Improvement of sexual function in men with late-onset hypogonadism treated with testosterone only. J Sex Med. 2007;4(2):497–501
  • . Pastuszak AW, Pearlman AM, Lai WS,. Testosterone replacement therapy in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2013;190(2):639–644
  • . Buvat J, Maggi M, Gooren L,. Endocrine aspects of male sexual dysfunctions. J Sex Med. 2010;7(4 Pt 2):1627–1656
  • . Jones TH. Effects of testosterone on type 2 diabetes and components of the metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes. 2010;2(3):146–156
  • . Michalakis K, Mintziori G, Kaprara A, Tarlatzis BC, Goulis DG. The complex interaction between obesity, metabolic syndrome and reproductive axis: A narrative review. Metabolism. 2013;62(4):457–478
  • . Reaven GM, Chen YD. Role of insulin in regulation of lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1988;4(7):639–652
  • . Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998;15(7):539–553
  • . Einhorn D, Reaven GM, Cobin RH,. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract. 2003;9(3):237–252
  • . Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR,; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005;112(17):2735–2752
  • . Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J; IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1059–1062
  • . Lemieux I, Pascot A, Couillard C,. Hypertriglyceridemic waist: A marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad (hyperinsulinemia; hyperapolipoprotein B; small, dense LDL) in men? Circulation. 2000;102(2):179–184
  • . Ford ES. Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: a summary of the evidence. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(7):1769–1778
  • . Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U.S. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(11):2745–2749
  • . Agirbasli M, Agaoglu NB, Orak N,. Sex hormones and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Metabolism. 2009;58(9):1256–1262
  • . Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002;287(3):356–359
  • . Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in US populations. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2004;33(2):333–350
  • . Corona G, Monami M, Rastrelli G,. Testosterone and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis study. J Sex Med. 2011;8(1):272–283
  • . Steinbrook R. Facing the diabetes epidemic—mandatory reporting of glycosylated hemoglobin values in New York City. New Engl J Med. 2006;354(6):545–548
  • . Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH. Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2444–2449
  • . Sloan FA, Bethel MA, Ruiz D Jr, Shea AM, Feinglos MN. The growing burden of diabetes mellitus in the US elderly population. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(2):192–199, discussion 199
  • . Kupelian V, Hayes FJ, Link CL, Rosen R, McKinlay JB. Inverse association of testosterone and the metabolic syndrome in men is consistent across race and ethnic groups. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(9):3403–3410
  • . Tan RS, Pu SJ. Impact of obesity on hypogonadism in the andropause. Int J Androl. 2002;25(4):195–201
  • . Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K,. Sex hormones, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149(6):601–608
  • . Maggio M, Lauretani F, Ceda GP,. Association between hormones and metabolic syndrome in older Italian men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(12):1832–1838
  • . Salam R, Kshetrimayum AS, Keisam R. Testosterone and metabolic syndrome: The link. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16 Suppl 1:S12–S19
  • . Brand JS, van der Tweel I, Grobbee DE, Emmelot-Vonk MH, van der Schouw YT. Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(1):189–207
  • . Ding EL, Song Y, Manson JE,. Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men. New Engl J Med. 2009;361(12):1152–1163
  • . Perry JR, Weedon MN, Langenberg C,. Genetic evidence that raised sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19(3):535–544
  • . Tong G, Hua X, Zhong Y,. Intensive insulin therapy increases sex hormone-binding globulin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;170(2):239–247
  • . Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K,. The metabolic syndrome and smoking in relation to hypogonadism in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(2):712–719
  • . Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K,. Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin predict the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):1036–1041
  • . Shelton JB, Rajfer J. Androgen deficiency in aging and metabolically challenged men. Urol Clin North Am. 2012;39(1):63–75
  • . Pasquali R, Casimirri F, Balestra V,. The relative contribution of androgens and insulin in determining abdominal body fat distribution in premenopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest. 1991;14(10):839–846
  • . Rees DA, Dayan CM. Commentary: testosterone and the metabolic syndrome: cause or consequence? Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(1):207–209
  • . Tsai EC, Matsumoto AM, Fujimoto WY, Boyko EJ. Association of bioavailable, free, and total testosterone with insulin resistance: influence of sex hormone-binding globulin and body fat. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(4):861–868
  • . Singh R, Artaza JN, Taylor WE, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Bhasin S. Androgens stimulate myogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenesis in C3H 10T1/2 pluripotent cells through an androgen receptor-mediated pathway. Endocrinology. 2003;144(11):5081–5088
  • . Isidori AM, Caprio M, Strollo F,. Leptin and androgens in male obesity: evidence for leptin contribution to reduced androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(10):3673–3680
  • . Pitteloud N, Hardin M, Dwyer AA,. Increasing insulin resistance is associated with a decrease in Leydig cell testosterone secretion in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(5):2636–2641
  • . Heufelder AE, Saad F, Bunck MC, Gooren L. Fifty-two-week treatment with diet and exercise plus transdermal testosterone reverses the metabolic syndrome and improves glycemic control in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and subnormal plasma testosterone. J Androl. 2009;30(6):726–733
  • . Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Francomano D,. Effects of long-acting testosterone undecanoate on bone mineral density in middle-aged men with late-onset hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: results from a 36 months controlled study. Aging Male. 2012;15(2):96–102
  • . Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Francomano D,. Effects of testosterone undecanoate on cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in middle-aged men with late-onset hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: results from a 24-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Sex Med. 2010;7(10):3495–3503
  • . Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Francomano D, Spera G, Lenzi A. Efficacy and safety of two different testosterone undecanoate formulations in hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome. J Endocrin Invest. 2010;33(11):776–783
  • . La Vignera S, Calogero AE, D'Agata R,. Testosterone therapy improves the clinical response to conventional treatment for male patients with metabolic syndrome associated to late onset hypogonadism. Minerva Endocrinol. 2008;33(3):159–167
  • . Bhattacharya RK, Khera M, Blick G, Kushner H, Nguyen D, Miner MM. Effect of 12 months of testosterone replacement therapy on metabolic syndrome components in hypogonadal men: data from the Testim Registry in the US (TRiUS). BMC Endocr Disord. 2011;11(1):18
  • . Boyanov MA, Boneva Z, Christov VG. Testosterone supplementation in men with type 2 diabetes, visceral obesity and partial androgen deficiency. Aging Male. 2003;6(1):1–7
  • . Kapoor D, Goodwin E, Channer KS, Jones TH. Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154(6):899–906
  • . Hackett G, Cole N, Bhartia M,. Testosterone replacement therapy improves metabolic parameters in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes but not in men with coexisting depression: The BLAST Study. J Sex Med. 2014;11(3):840–856
  • . Traish AM, Haider A, Doros G, Saad F. Long-term testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men ameliorates elements of the metabolic syndrome: an observational, long-term registry study. Int J Clin Pract. 2014;68(3):314–329
  • . Saad F, Haider A, Doros G, Traish A. Long-term treatment of hypogonadal men with testosterone produces substantial and sustained weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(10):1975–1981
  • . Beutel ME, Wiltink J, Hauck EW,; Hypogonadism Investigator Group. Correlations between hormones, physical, and affective parameters in aging urologic outpatients. Eur Urol. 2005;47(6):749–755
  • . Corona G, Mannucci E, Petrone L,. Psycho-biological correlates of hypoactive sexual desire in patients with erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2004;16(3):275–281
  • . Morelli A, Corona G, Filippi S,. Which patients with sexual dysfunction are suitable for testosterone replacement therapy? J Eendocrinol Invest. 2007;30(10):880–888
  • . Corona G, Mannucci E, Ricca V,. The age-related decline of testosterone is associated with different specific symptoms and signs in patients with sexual dysfunction. Int J Androl. 2009;32(6):720–728
  • . Allan CA, Forbes EA, Strauss BJ, McLachlan RI. Testosterone therapy increases sexual desire in ageing men with low-normal testosterone levels and symptoms of androgen deficiency. Int J Impot Res. 2008;20(4):396–401
  • . Jones TH, Arver S, Behre HM,; TMES2 Investigators. Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome (the TIMES2 study). Diabetes Care. 2011;34(4):828–837
  • . Esposito K, Giugliano F, Martedi E,. High proportions of erectile dysfunction in men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(5):1201–1203
  • . Heidler S, Temml C, Broessner C,. Is the metabolic syndrome an independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction? J Urol. 2007;177(2):651–654
  • . Isidori AM, Giannetta E, Gianfrilli D,. Effects of testosterone on sexual function in men: results of a meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005;63(4):381–394
  • . Traish AM, Guay AT. Are androgens critical for penile erections in humans? Examining the clinical and preclinical evidence. J Sex Med. 2006;3(3):382–404; discussion 404–407
  • . Guay AT, Traish A. Testosterone deficiency and risk factors in the metabolic syndrome: implications for erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 2011;38(2):175–183
  • . Basaria S, Coviello AD, Travison TG,. Adverse events associated with testosterone administration. New Engl J Med. 2010;363(2):109–122
  • . Vigen R, O'Donnell CI, Baron AE,. Association of testosterone therapy with mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in men with low testosterone levels. JAMA. 2013;310(17):1829–1836
  • . Yeap BB, Alfonso H, Chubb SA,. In older men an optimal plasma testosterone is associated with reduced all-cause mortality and higher dihydrotestosterone with reduced ischemic heart disease mortality, while estradiol levels do not predict mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(1):E9–E18

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.