1,090
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Focus: Hypertension and Related Disorders

Protein for Exercise and Recovery

, PhD, FACSM, FISSN & , PhD, CSCS, FISSN
Pages 13-21 | Published online: 13 Mar 2015

References

  • . Lemon P. Protein requirements of strength athletes. In: Antonio J, Stout JR, eds. Sports Supplements. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001
  • . Campbell B, Kreider RB, Ziegenfuss T, . International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007;4:8
  • . Kreider RB, Leutholtz B, Katch F, Katch V. Exercise and Sport Nutrition: Principles, Promises, Science and Recommendations. Santa Barbara, CA: Fitness Technologies Press; 2009
  • . Kreider RB. Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. Sports Med. 1999(2);27:97–110
  • . Buford TW, Kreider RB, Stout JR, . International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007;4:6
  • . Kreider RB, Kleiner SM. Protein supplements for athletes: need vs. convenience. Your Patient and Fitness. 2000;14:12–18
  • . Berdanier CD. Advanced Nutrition: Micronutrients. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2000
  • . Williams MH. Nutrition for Health, Fitness, and Sport. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2002
  • . Roy BD. Milk: the new sports drink? A review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5:15
  • . Watson P, Love TD, Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. A comparison of the effects of milk and a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on the restoration of fluid balance and exercise capacity in a hot, humid environment. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;104(4):633–642
  • . Florisa R, Recio I, Berkhout B, Visser S. Antibacterial and antiviral effects of milk proteins and derivatives thereof. Curr Pharm Des. 2003(16);9:1257–1275
  • . Bucci L, Unlu L. Proteins and amino acid supplements in exercise and sport. In: Driskell J, Wolinsky I, eds. Energy-Yielding Macronutrients and Energy Metabolism in Sports Nutrition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2000:191–212
  • . Tipton KD, Elliott TA, Cree MG, Wolf SE, Sanford AP, Wolfe RR. Ingestion of casein and whey proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(12):2073–2081
  • . Boirie Y, Dangin M, Gachon P, Vasson MP, Maubois JL, Beaufrére B. Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(26):14930–14935
  • . Frühbeck G. Protein metabolism. Slow and fast dietary proteins. Nature. 1998;391(6670):843–845
  • . Willoughby DS, Stout JR, Wilborn CD. Effects of resistance training and protein plus amino acid supplementation on muscle anabolism, mass, and strength. Amino Acids. 2007;32(4):467–477
  • . Tipton KD, Elliott TA, Cree MG, Aarsland AA, Sanford AP, Wolfe RR. Stimulation of net muscle protein synthesis by whey protein ingestion before and after exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;292(1):E71–E76
  • . Tang JE, Manolakos JJ, Kujbida GW, Lysecki PJ, Moore DR, Phillips SM. Minimal whey protein with carbohydrate stimulates muscle protein synthesis following resistance exercise in trained young men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007;32(6):1132–1138
  • . Anthony TG, McDaniel BJ, Knoll P, Bunpo P, Paul GL, McNurlan MA. Feeding meals containing soy or whey protein after exercise stimulates protein synthesis and translation initiation in the skeletal muscle of male rats. J Nutr. 2007;137(2):357–362
  • . Beaufrére B, Dangin M, Boirie Y. The ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ protein concept. In: Fürst P, Young V, eds. Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids in Enteral Nutrition. Vol 3. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 2000:121–123
  • . Di Pasquale M. Proteins and amino acids in exercise and sport. In: Driskell J, Wolinsky I, eds. Energy-Yielding Macronutrients and Energy Metabolism in Exercise and Sport. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2000:119–162
  • . Gattas V, Barrera GA, Riumallo JS, Uauy R. Protein-energy requirements of prepubertal school-age boys determined by using the nitrogen-balance response to a mixed-protein diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;52(6):1037–1042
  • . Gattás V, Barrera GA, Riumallo JS, Uauy R. Protein-energy requirements of boys 12–14 y old determined by using the nitrogen-balance response to a mixed-protein diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56(3):499–503
  • . Puntis JW, Ball PA, Preece MA, Green A, Brown GA, Booth IW. Egg and breast milk based nitrogen sources compared. Arch Dis Child. 1989;64(10):1472–1477
  • . Kalman D, Feldman S, Martinez M, Krieger DR, Tallon MJ. Effect of protein source and resistance training on body composition and sex hormones. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007;4:4
  • . Brown EC, DiSilvestro RA, Babaknia A, Devor ST. Soy versus whey protein bars: effects on exercise training impact on lean body mass and antioxidant status. Nutr J. 2004;3:22
  • . Candow DG, Burke NC, Smith-Palmer T, Burke DG. Effect of whey and soy protein supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006;16(3):233–244
  • . Mateos-Aparicio I, Redondo Cuenca A, Villanueva-Suarez MJ, Zapata-Revilla MA. Soybean, a promising health source. Nutr Hosp. 2008;23(4):305–312
  • . Kerksick C, Harvey T, Stout J, . International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5:17
  • . Zawadzki KM, Yaspelkis BB 3rd, Ivy JL. Carbohydrate-protein complex increases the rate of muscle glycogen storage after exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1992;72(5):1854–1859
  • . Green AL, Hultman E, Macdonald IA, Sewell DA, Greenhaff PL. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:E821–E826
  • . Nelson AG, Arnall DA, Kokkonen J, Day R, Evans J. Muscle glycogen supercompensation is enhanced by prior creatine supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(7):1096–1100
  • . Børsheim E, Tipton KD, Wolf SE, Wolfe RR. Essential amino acids and muscle protein recovery from resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283(4):E648–E657
  • . Tipton KD, Ferrando AA, Phillips SM, Doyle D Jr, Wolfe RR. Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids. Am J Physiol. 1999;276(4 pt 1):E628–E634
  • . Carli G, Bonifazi M, Lodi L, Lupo C, Martelli G, Viti A. Changes in the exercise-induced hormone response to branched chain amino acid administration. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1992;64(3):272–277
  • . Tarnopolsky MA, MacDougall JD, Atkinson SA. Influence of protein intake and training status on nitrogen balance and lean body mass. J Appl Physiol. 1988;64(1):187–193
  • . Friedman JE, Lemon PW. Effect of chronic endurance exercise on retention of dietary protein. Int J Sports Med. 1989;10(2):118–123
  • . Gleeson M, Lancaster GI, Bishop NC. Nutritional strategies to minimise exercise-induced immunosuppression in athletes. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26( Suppl):S23–S35
  • . Coombes JS, McNaughton LR. Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase after prolonged exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000;40(3):240–246
  • . Mero A. Leucine supplementation and intensive training. Sports Med. 1999;27(6):347–358
  • . Bigard AX, Lavier P, Ullmann L, Legrand H, Douce P, Guezennec CY. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation during repeated prolonged skiing exercises at altitude. Int J Sport Nutr. 1996;6(3):295–306
  • . Rowlands DS, Rössler K, Thorp RM, . Effect of dietary protein content during recovery from high-intensity cycling on subsequent performance and markers of stress, inflammation, and muscle damage in well-trained men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008;33(1):39–51
  • . Bloomer RJ, Fry AC, Falvo MJ, Moore CA. Protein carbonyls are acutely elevated following single set anaerobic exercise in resistance trained men. J Sci Med Sport. 2007;10(6):411–417
  • . Bloomer RJ, Goldfarb AH, Wideman L, McKenzie MJ, Consitt LA. Effects of acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on blood markers of oxidative stress. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19(2):276–285
  • . Howarth KR, Burgomaster KA, Phillips SM, Gibala MJ. Exercise training increases branched-chain oxoacid dehydrogenase kinase content in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007;293(3):R1335–R1341
  • . Hulmi JJ, Kovanen V, Selanne H, Kraemer WJ, Hakkinen K, Mero AA. Acute and long-term effects of resistance exercise with or without protein ingestion on muscle hypertrophy and gene expression -published online ahead of print July 27, 2008
  • . De Feo P, Di Loreto C, Lucidi P, . Metabolic response to exercise. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26(9):851–854
  • . Willoughby DS, Rosene JM. Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myogenic regulatory factor expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(6):923–929
  • . Willoughby DS, Rosene J. Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(10):1674–1681
  • . Wagenmakers AJ. Muscle amino acid metabolism at rest and during exercise: role in human physiology and metabolism. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1998;26:287–314
  • . Esmarck B, Andersen JL, Olsen S, Richter EA, Mizuno M, Kjaer M. Timing of postexercise protein intake is important for muscle hypertrophy with resistance training in elderly humans. J Physiol. 2001;535(pt 1):301–311
  • . Tipton KD, Ferrando AA. Improving muscle mass: response of muscle metabolism to exercise, nutrition and anabolic agents. Essays Biochem. 2008;44:85–98
  • . Tipton KD, Rasmussen BB, Miller SL, . Timing of amino acid-carbohydrate ingestion alters anabolic response of muscle to resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;281(2):E197–E206
  • . Andersen LL, Tufekovic G, Zebis MK, . The effect of resistance training combined with timed ingestion of protein on muscle fiber size and muscle strength. Metabolism. 2005;54(2):151–156
  • . Hayes A, Cribb PJ. Effect of whey protein isolate on strength, body composition and muscle hypertrophy during resistance training. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(1):40–44
  • . Kerksick CM, Rasmussen C, Lancaster S, . Impact of differing protein sources and a creatine containing nutritional formula after 12 weeks of resistance training. Nutrition. 2007;23(9):647–656
  • . Kerksick CM, Rasmussen CJ, Lancaster SL, . The effects of protein and amino acid supplementation on performance and training adaptations during ten weeks of resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20:643–653
  • . Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Volek JS, . The effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance training overreaching. Metabolism. 2006;55(3):282–291
  • . Solerte SB, Gazzaruso C, Bonacasa R, . Nutritional supplements with oral amino acid mixtures increases whole-body lean mass and insulin sensitivity in elderly subjects with sarcopenia. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(11A):69E–77E
  • . Kendrick IP, Harris RC, Kim HJ, . The effects of 10 weeks of resistance training combined with beta-alanine supplementation on whole body strength, force production, muscular endurance and body composition. Amino Acids. 2008;34(4):547–554
  • . Candow DG, Little JP, Chilibeck PD, . Low-dose creatine combined with protein during resistance training in older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(9):1645–1652
  • . Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Spiering BA, . Effects of a multi-nutrient supplement on exercise performance and hormonal responses to resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;101(5):637–646
  • . Cribb PJ, Williams AD, Hayes A. A creatine-protein-carbohydrate supplement enhances responses to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(11):1960–1968
  • . Cribb PJ, Williams AD, Stathis CG, Carey MF, Hayes A. Effects of whey isolate, creatine, and resistance training on muscle hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(2):298–307
  • . Tipton KD, Borsheim E, Wolf SE, Sanford AP, Wolfe RR. Acute response of net muscle protein balance reflects 24-h balance after exercise and amino acid ingestion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;284(1):E76–E89
  • . Cribb PJ, Hayes A. Effects of supplement timing and resistance exercise on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(11):1918–1925

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.