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Reproductive Health Matters
An international journal on sexual and reproductive health and rights
Volume 10, 2002 - Issue 19: Abortion: women decide
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Original Articles

Clandestine Abortion in Mexico: A Question of Mental as Well as Physical Health

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Pages 95-102 | Published online: 01 May 2002
 

Abstract

Abstract

This paper reports on research carried out in Mexico City in 1995–1996 on the meaning of motherhood, contraception, an unwanted pregnancy or child, and the experience of illegal, clandestine abortion, as described by 12 women of different ages, class, education and marital status who had one or more clandestine abortions. A priest, two doctors from the public health system, a group of gynaecologists and nurses and a health social worker were also interviewed. The data show that it is the illegal and clandestine nature of abortion that has a negative effect on women in Mexico. Although terminating a pregnancy can also be a difficult experience in itself, it became traumatic for most (though not all) of the women interviewed due to the dominant Catholic church doctrine that abortion is a sin, and because of the criminal law punishing those who have abortions, which forces women to have the procedure in high risk conditions, all of which adversely affected their mental and physical health. In spite of this, all the women considered abortion a personal decision that they had to make. Even those who believed that termination of pregnancy was the transgression of a divine commandment also believed that it was a rightful and necessary decision, given their circumstances.

Résumé

Une recherche menée à Mexique en 1995–1996 s'est penchée sur la signification de la maternité, la contraception et une grossesse ou un enfant non désiré, et l'avortement illégal, clandestin. Cette expérience a été décrite par 12 femmes d'âges, de classes, de niveaux d'instruction et de situations de famille différents ayant subi un ou plusieurs avortements clandestins. Un prêtre, deux médecins du système public, un groupe de prestataires de services et un travailleur social ont également été interrogés. Les données montrent que c'est la nature illégale et clandestine de l'avortement au Mexique qui crée un effet négatif sur les femmes. Bien qu'une interruption de grossesse puisse être une expérience difficile en soi, elle est devenue traumatique pour la plupart des femmes interrogées (mais pas toutes) en raison de la doctrine catholique dominante selon laquelle l'avortement est un péché, et du code pénal qui punit les avortements, ce qui force les femmes à avorter dans des conditions à haut risque, aux dépens de leur santé mentale et physique. Pourtant, toutes les femmes considéraient l'avortement comme une décision personnelle. Même celles qui pensaient que l'interruption de grossesse violait un commandement divin croyaient qu'il s'agissait d'une décision juste et nécessaire, compte tenu de leur situation.

Resumen

En la Ciudad de México en 1995–1996 se llevó a cabo una investigación acerca del significado de la maternidad, la anticoncepción, un embarazo o un/a hijo/hija no deseado/a, y la experiencia del aborto ilegal y clandestino, descrito por 12 mujeres de distintas edades, clases sociales, nivel de educación y estado civil, quienes habı́an tenido uno o más abortos clandestinos. Se entrevistaron además a un sacerdote, dos médicos a de salud público, un grupo de ginecólogos y enfermeras, y una asistente social de la salud. Los datos indican que es la naturaleza ilegal y clandestina del aborto en México que causa un efecto negativo en las mujeres. Si bien el terminar un embarazo es puede ser una experiencia difı́cil en sı́, para la mayorı́a (aunque no todas) de las mujeres entrevistadas, les fue traumático debido a la doctrina de la iglesia católica que califica el aborto como un pecado, y por la ley que penaliza a quienes abortan. A consecuencia, las mujeres se ven forzadas a buscar abortos en condiciones de alto riesgo, lo cual les afecta negativamente tanto la salud fı́sica como mental. A pesar de ello, todas las mujeres consideraban que la decisión de abortar era una decisión personal que debı́an tomar. Aquellas que creı́an que terminar el embarazo significaba transgredir un mandato divino, también creı́an que habı́an tomado una decisión necesaria y correcta, considerando las circunstancias en que se encontraban.

Acknowledgements

Part of this article was originally published in M Rivas Zivy and A Amuchástegui Herrera, Voces e Historias sobre el Aborto, Mexico City: EDAMEX/Population Council, 1996, and reprinted here with kind permission.

Notes

1 Abortion is legal (but not in all states) only when pregnancy results from rape or forced insemination, when the mother's life or health is in danger, when the fetus is malformed, or when the mother has three children or more children and proves she cannot support another (only in one state) Citation[4].

2 For a discussion regarding the place of the myth of Guadalupe in the construction of a supposed national Mexican identity and how this is gendered (see Citation[5]Citation[6]). To trace the origins of the cult of Mary and its relationship to Indian cultures. See Citation[7]Citation[8].

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