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Reproductive Health Matters
An international journal on sexual and reproductive health and rights
Volume 22, 2014 - Issue 43: Population, environment and sustainable development
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Original Articles

Beginning with sustainable scale up in mind: initial results from a population, health and environment project in East Africa

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Abstract

Small-scale pilot projects have demonstrated that integrated population, health and environment approaches can address the needs and rights of vulnerable communities. However, these and other types of health and development projects have rarely gone on to influence larger policy and programme development. ExpandNet, a network of health professionals working on scaling up, argues this is because projects are often not designed with future sustainability and scaling up in mind. Developing and implementing sustainable interventions that can be applied on a larger scale requires a different mindset and new approaches to small-scale/pilot testing. This paper shows how this new approach is being applied and the initial lessons from its use in the Health of People and Environment in the Lake Victoria Basin Project currently underway in Uganda and Kenya. Specific lessons that are emerging are: 1) ongoing, meaningful stakeholder engagement has significantly shaped the design and implementation, 2) multi-sectoral projects are complex and striving for simplicity in the interventins is challenging, and 3) projects that address a sharply felt need experience substantial pressure for scale up, even before their effectiveness is established. Implicit in this paper is the recommendation that other projects would also benefit from applying a scale-up perspective from the outset.

Résumé

Des projets pilotes à petite échelle ont démontré que des approches qui intègrent les questions de population, de santé et d’environnement peuvent répondre aux besoins et aux droits des communautés vulnérables. Pourtant, ces projets et d’autres types de projets de santé et développement ont rarement influencé l’élaboration de politiques et programmes plus larges. ExpandNet, un réseau de professionnels de santé qui s’emploient à étendre les projets, avance que c’est parce que les projets sont rarement conçus en gardant à l’esprit la viabilité et l’expansion futures. Pour préparer et réaliser des interventions durables pouvant être appliquées à une plus grande échelle, il faut une mentalité différente et de nouvelles approches des tests pilotes/à petit échelle. Cet article montre comment cette nouvelle approche est appliquée et les leçons initiales de son utilisation dans le projet sur la santé de la population et l’environnement dans le bassin du lac Victoria actuellement mené en Ouganda et au Kenya. Les leçons spécifiques qui émergent sont les suivantes : 1) l’engagement concret et suivi des acteurs a sensiblement façonné la conception et l’application, 2) les projets multisectoriels sont complexes et la recherche de simplicité dans les interventions est difficile, et 3) les projets qui répondent à un besoin profondément ressenti subissent des pressions les poussant à s’étendre, avant même que leur efficacité soit avérée. La recommandation selon laquelle d’autres projets bénéficieraient aussi de l’application d’emblée d’une perspective de mise à l’échelle est implicite dans l’article.

Resumen

Proyectos piloto en pequeña escala han demostrado que mediante enfoques integrados de población, salud y medio ambiente se puede atender las necesidades y los derechos de las comunidades vulnerables. Sin embargo, estos y otros tipos de proyectos de salud y desarrollo rara vez influyen en la formulación de políticas y programas más amplios. ExpandNet, una red de profesionales de salud que trabajan en ampliación, argumenta que esto se debe a que los proyectos generalmente no son diseñados con futura sostenibilidad y ampliación en mente. La creación y ejecución de intervenciones sostenibles, que puedan aplicarse en mayor escala, requiere una mentalidad diferente y nuevos enfoques con relación a pruebas piloto en pequeña escala. En este artículo se muestra la aplicación de este nuevo enfoque y las lecciones iniciales de su uso en el Proyecto Salud de las Personas y el Medio Ambiente en la Cuenca del Lago Victoria, actualmente en curso en Uganda y Kenia. Las lecciones específicas que están surgiendo son: 1) la participación significativa y continua de partes interesadas ha influido considerablemente en el diseño y la ejecución; 2) los proyectos multisectoriales son complejos y es un reto lograr simplicidad en las intervenciones; y 3) los proyectos que abordan una necesidad muy sentida experimentan considerable presión para ampliación, aun antes de establecida su eficacia. Este artículo presenta la recomendación implícita de que otros proyectos también se beneficiarían de aplicar una perspectiva de ampliación desde el principio.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from USAID in 2011–2014, via the BALANCED Project and Evidence to Action Project cooperative agreements. In addition, we wish to thank the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, who have supported implementation of the Health of People and Environment in the Lake Victoria Basin Project in Uganda and Kenya. Finally, our thanks to the entire project team for their dedication and the national and international participants and stakeholders who have given their time and support to the initiative.

Notes

* For a notable exception, see De Souza.Citation3

* This review includes a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of HoPE-LVB, in which the baseline participatory rural appraisal will be repeated in concert with efforts to analyze process and monitoring data.

† The term “pilot project” is used here as a shorthand for pilot or other field tests, including demonstration projects, implementation or operations research, tests of policy changes, and proof-of-concept studies.

* The term “innovation” refers to the “service components, other practices or products that are new or perceived as new. Typically the innovation consists of a package of interventions that not only includes a new technology, practice, educational component or community initiative, but also the managerial processes necessary for successful implementation”.Citation7

* Wikipedia defines agroforestry as “an integrated approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, and sustainable land-use systems.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroforestry.

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