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Research Article

La démarche de réduction de la vulnérabilité aux crues de la Seine de 41 sites du département des Hauts-de-Seine

Reducing the vulnerability to flooding by the Seine of 41 sites owned by the department of Hauts-de-Seine

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Pages 69-74 | Published online: 16 Mar 2011
 

Abstract

Dans le cadre du Plan de Secours Spécialisé sur les Inondations, le Conseil général des Hauts-de-Seine a mis en place des plans de réduction de la vulnérabilité aux crues de la Seine sur 41 sites départementaux. L’objectif est d’autonomiser leurs responsables pour limiter l’impact d’une inondation et favoriser une bonne reprise du service. Une méthode de diagnostic a été élaborée spécifiquement puis améliorée par un prestataire missionné pour les visites de site : il a analysé leurs modes d’inondation et la vulnérabilité des réseaux vitaux, et recensé les éléments vulnérables atteints par une crue centennale. Des mesures organisationnelles ont ensuite été identifiées, dans une démarche qui ne se limite pas à un audit technique, basée sur la collaboration avec le chef d’établissement. Le prestataire a également proposé des mesures structurelles pour la protection des éléments vulnérables. La méthode cherche à favoriser l’ancrage d’une culture de la gestion du risque par le dialogue et la simplicité des fiches d’actions produites, la sensibilisation ayant été un des facteurs clés du projet. L’expérience de terrain a montré des différences de culture et de fonctionnement entre les différents sites, appelant des stratégies de réponses adaptées aux spécificités. Le projet a également cherché à trouver des solutions aux problématiques de remise en fonctionnement des sites et de continuité du service public. Ces solutions sont transversales et nécessitent la coordination de l’ensemble des acteurs.

In the event of major flooding by the Seine in the Hauts-de-Seine county, the Specialised Flood Rescue Plan (PSSI – Plan de Secours Spécialisé sur les Inondations) provides for coordinated emergency assistance and encourages local stakeholders to be independent. The Council of the Hauts-de-Seine county (Conseil général) has therefore listed the sites belonging to the county located in the area liable to flooding, and has set up plans to reduce the vulnerability to flooding by the Seine of the 41 most sensible sites. The aim is to encourage the independence of those in charge of the sites in staunching the impact of a flood and enabling a satisfactory re-opening of services.

Because of the absence of experience records in this field, the County Council initially devised an assessment method based on work on 12 pilot sites. This was subsequently improved while supporting the sites in drawing up their plans. A preparatory level led to the definition of the reference probability of occurrence and of the crisis context data (warning chain, vulnerability of networks, of transports). Each site received an assessment visit involving an analysis of the origins of flooding and the listing of vulnerable elements reached by a centennial flood. Organizational measures were then identified through a process which, based on collaboration with the director of each premises, went beyond the limits of a technical audit. Structural measures for the protection of vulnerable elements were also listed.

This method favours the rooting of a risk management culture through dialogue, through the transmission of clear information and the production of simple action headings. This awareness-raising effort was conducted by initiating and leading work sessions and writing up the resulting documents. Experience on the ground revealed differences in culture and in operation between the various sites, calling for response strategies adapted to specific needs. The project also sought to provide solutions to the problems of resuming normal business at the sites and of ensuring the continuity of public services. These solutions are cross-disciplinary and require coordination between the various stakeholders.

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