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Abstract
Development of chicken embryo culture techniques provides precise methods for the manipulation of early chicken embryos and has made it possible to analyse the results of the manipulation in hatched chickens. Various attempts have been made to introduce exogenous DNA into the chicken germline, but an efficient method for producing transgenic chickens by non-viral methods has not yet been devised. Since the system for producing germline chimaeric chickens has been established by the transfer of primordial germ cells isolated from early stage embryos, manipulation of primordial germ cells seems to be one of the most promising methods for genetic manipulation in chickens.