State of the art review: coronary artery disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms, prevalence, and outcomes

Abstract

Extraintestinal disease manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as arthritis and uveitis, have been well described in the medical literature. However, there has been growing evidence suggesting an association between IBD and both coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarctions (AMI). In this critical review, the pathogenesis of proatherogenic inflammatory markers (CD40-CD40L, IL-6, and TNF-α) are summarised along with clinical evidence that supports the association of these makers with CAD. Moreover, clinical data are examined that suggest an increased risk of AMI and CAD in IBD patients along with recent analyses of in-hospital and post-MI outcomes of AMI in IBD patients. This comprehensive review summarises and expands upon our understanding of the growing association between both CAD and AMI in IBD patients that potentially identifies IBD as a risk factor for developing CAD.

Keywords:

• Proatherogenic cytokines
• acute myocardial infarction
• acute coronary syndrome
• CAD and AMI
• cardiovascular risk factors
• cellular and molecular cardiology
• cytokines

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data underlying this article are available in the article and in its online supplementary material.