Role of the trigeminal nerve in regrowth of hypoglossal motoneurons after hypoglossal-facial anastomosis

Abstract

Conclusion. Functional recovery of facial muscles following hypoglossal-facial anastomosis (HFA) may be dependent not only on sensory information, relayed via the trigeminal nuclei to the hypoglossal nucleus, but also on extratrigeminal fibers, originating from the hypoglossal nucleus that travel in the infraorbital nerve (ION). This fact helps to explain the ability of hypoglossal neurons, after HFA, to induce contractions of muscles originally innervated from other nervous structures. Objective. The aim of the study was to better understand the role of the trigeminal nerve in reinnervation of facial muscles by hypoglossal motoneurons following HFA. Materials and methods. Central afferences of the ION were analyzed in rats by labeling the exposed nerve with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), whereas central organization of the efferent projections to the vibrissal area was analyzed by labeling the whisker pad muscles of the rat with a 5% solution of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil) in N,N-dimethylformamide. Results. The results show that extratrigeminal fibers, originating in the hypoglossal nucleus, travel along the ION. Retrograde tracing applied to ION or injected into the whisker pad showed labeled neurons in the Pr5 nucleus and all Sp5 trigeminal subnuclei. Small labeled neurons (10–15 µm diameter; 10–12 neurons per section), were also found in the hypoglossal nucleus.

• Infraorbital nerve
• hypoglossal neurons
• facial re-innervation
• hypoglossal-facial anastomosis
• HRP
• Dil
• retrograde tracing
• rat