Intravenous olfactory test latency correlates with improvement in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction

Abstract

Conclusion: This cohort study showed that onset latency in the intravenous olfactory test (IVO) may help predict when olfaction in patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) improves.

Objectives: To identify factors that predict the olfactory improvement period in patients with PIOD.

Methodology/Principal: All consecutive patients presenting with PIOD in 1994–2014 who were followed up for 2 years were identified retrospectively. The ability of demographic/clinical factors (age, sex, body mass index, presence/absence of allergic rhinitis, treatment/non-treatment with herbal medicines, patient dependence on herbal medicine treatment, presence/absence of diabetes mellitus, and smoking status) and olfactory test factors (response/no response and onset latency and duration in the IVO test, and detection and recognition scores on the T&T olfactory test) to predict the olfactory improvement period (defined respectively as the time from PIOD onset or olfactory testing to the first self-report of olfaction improvement) was analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression.

Results: Of the 187 PIOD patients, the prognostic ability of demographic/clinical factors was analyzed in 65. None predicted the olfactory improvement period. Of the 65 patients, 20 did not respond in the IVO test. In the remaining 45 patients, onset latency (but not the other olfactory test factors) was a significant prognosticator of olfactory improvement period (R²=0.24, p = 0.003).

Chinese abstract

结论: 这项研究表明, 静脉嗅觉检测 (IVO) 中的发作潜伏期可能有助于预测感染后嗅觉功能障碍 (PIOD) 患者的嗅觉情况改善。

目的: 确定可以预测PIOD患者嗅觉改善期的因素。

方法/原理: 所有在1994 - 2014年间患POID的患者接受了两年的随访, 被回顾性鉴别出来。人口/临床因素 (年龄、性别、体重指数、过敏性鼻炎的存在/不存在、中草药的治疗/非治疗、患者对草药治疗的依赖、糖尿病的存在/不存在以及吸烟状况) , 和嗅觉测试因子 (IVO测试中的反应/无反应和发作潜伏期和持续时间, 以及T＆T嗅觉测试的检测和识别值) 的预测嗅觉改善期的能力 (分别定义为从PIOD开始或嗅觉测试的时间到首次嗅觉改善的自我报告) 通过单变量和多变量回归进行了分析。

结果: 在187例PIOD患者中, 对65例进行了人口/临床因素的预后能力的分析, 没有一例能预测嗅觉改善期。在这65例患者中, 20例在IVO检查中没有反应。在其余45例患者中, 发作潜伏期 (但不是其他嗅觉测试因子) 是嗅觉改善期的重要预后因子 (R ² = 0.24, p = 0.003)。

Keywords:

• Olfactory disorder
• post-infectious olfactory disorder
• onset latency
• T&T olfactory test
• prognosis

Acknowledgements

This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Tokyo Hospital (#2487).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to S.K.