Congenital ear malformation (CEM)

Abstract

Background

At present, there are not international unified standards and reports on Congenital Ear Malformation (CEM) in the world, which makes it difficult to transfer information and compare the literature.

Aims/objectives

Through the statistical analysis of a large sample of CEM, a unified standard of all aspects of CEM is proposed and the data are provided for reference, which is convenient for the international work and literature comparison in this field.

Materials and methods

Based on the author’s 30 years of clinical and scientific research work on CEM and the relevant cases of 3231 (4714 ears) in our hospital, and combined with literature, statistical analysis was made.

Results

This paper summarizes the classification, definition, epidemiology, embryonic development, pathogenic factors of CEM and elaborates on the clinical manifestations, examination and sequence therapy of representative Congenital Malformation of the Middle and Outer Ear (CMMOE). We also introduce malformation of the auricle and inner ear, so as to cover the outer, middle and inner ear. At the same time, we introduce our achievements and contributions in this field.

Conclusions and significance

This study provides reference to the international unified standard and treatment principle of the CEM.

Chinese Abstract

背景: 目前国际上尚无关于先天性耳畸形(CEM)的统一标准和报告, 这使得信息传递和比较文献变得困难。

目的: 通过对CEM大样本的统计分析, 提出CEM各方面的统一标准的建议并提供数据参考, 以方便该领域的国际合作和文献比较。

材料和方法: 基于作者30年的CEM临床和科研工作, 结合我院3231例(4714耳)相关病例, 并结合文献, 进行了统计分析。

结果: 本文总结了分类、定义、流行病学、胚胎发育、CEM的致病因素并阐述典型的中耳和外耳先天畸形(CMMOE)的临床表现、检查和顺序治疗。 我们还引入耳廓和内耳畸形, 以涵盖外耳、中耳和内耳。 同时, 介绍了我们在这个领域的成就和贡献。

结论及意义: 本研究为CEM的国际统一标准和治疗原理提供参考。

Keywords:

• Congenital ear malformation (CEM)
• congenital malformation of the middle and outer ear (CMMOE)
• Microtia
• Atresia of the Outer Ear Canal (OEC)
• sequence therapy

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Clinical Medical Center Special Project (YiHui Zou 202100003); National Logistics Support Department Special Family Planning Project (YiHui Zou 22JSZ14).