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Abstract
The feasibility of the high volume sampling method (HVS) in extended control networks for the routine determination of total suspended particulate matter and trace metals, particularly traffic lead, has been explored.
The HVS coarse particle sampling effectiveness obtained in wind tunnel studies Is assumed to be indicative of the effectiveness under typical ambient meteorological conditions.
For TSP, available data indicate the mass of the coarse fraction above 5 μm to range between about 10% and 90% of the total mass. Subsequently, when sampling TSP the total mass can be underestimated by up to approximately 30%; the corresponding standard deviation is as high as approximately 15%. Differences In coarse particle sampling characteristics can result in systematic inter-HVS deviations up to 20% of the total mass.
Traffic lead consists of a direct automotive tailpipe component (by and large below 30 μm) and a vehicular resuspended one (some 100–300 μm). Near the road the total (i.e., direct + resuspended) mass of traffic lead collected ranges from 70% to 120% of the direct automotive emissions; the corresponding TSP standard deviation can be as high as 15% owing to the contribution of resuspended lead. Away from the road (>50 m) the resuspended component is depleted substantially due to deposition. Subsequently, the mass collected ranges between 70% and 110% of the direct lead; the standard deviation can be as high as 10%.
The evaluation of the applicability of HVS under extreme wind speed situations is beyond the scope of this work. Under such conditions the coarse particle sampling effectiveness could be affected considerably. Hence under extreme situations the applicability of HVS should be left to the discretion of the user.