Fabrication of Potentiometric Sensors for the Selective Determination of Ketoconazole

Abstract

The fabrication and analytical applications of two types of potentiometric sensors for the determination of ketoconazole (KET) are described. The sensors are based on the use of KET-molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) ion pair as electroactive material. The fabricated sensors include both polymer membrane and carbon paste electrodes. Both sensors showed a linear, stable and near Nernstian slope of 57.8 mV/decade and 55.2 mV/decade for PVC membrane and carbon paste sensors respectively over a relatively wide range of KET concentration (1 × 10⁻² − 5 × 10⁻⁵and 1 × 10⁻² − 1 × 10⁻⁶). The sensors showed a fast response time of < 30 sec and < 45 sec. A useful pH range of 3–6 was obtained for both types of sensors. A detection limit of 2.96 × 10⁻⁵M was obtained for PVC membrane sensor and 6.91 × 10⁻⁶ M was obtained for carbon paste sensor. The proposed sensors proved to have a good selectivity for KET with respect to a large number of ions. The proposed sensors were successfully applied for the determination of KET in pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained are in good agreement with the values obtained by the standard method.

Keywords:

• Carbon paste sensor
• Ketoconazole
• Molybdophosphoric acid
• Pharmaceutical formulations
• Polymeric membrane sensor
• Potentiometry

The authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, and Polish Academy of Science for sanctioning a research project as part of the Indo-Polish cooperation in science and technology.

Notes

*Average of six replicates.