Evaluation and Application of the Internal Standard Technique for the Direct Determination of Copper in Fruit Juices Employing Fast Sequential Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

The present paper describes the evaluation and application of internal standard for the determination of copper in fruit juices, employing Fast Sequential Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FS FAAS). The internal standards tested were indium, cobalt, and nickel using correlation graphs. However, indium was used, considering the composition of the samples. After this step, copper was determined in fruit juices using indium as internal standard. This method allows the determination of copper with a limit of quantification of 0.011 mg L⁻¹. The fruit juice samples selected for analysis were of grape, orange, pineapple, peach, cashew, and strawberry. The contents of copper in these samples varied from 0.02 to 0.42 mg L⁻¹. The analytical results were compared with the results obtained by analysis of these samples after complete mineralization using acid digestion and determination employing FS FAAS. The statistical comparison by a t-test (95% confidence level) showed no significant difference between the results. The relative standard deviations (RSD) with and without the use of the internal standard for a copper solution containing 0.4 mg L⁻¹ were of 0.62 and 1.94%, respectively. The use of indium as internal standard provided more accurate analytical results, as well as better analytical performance for the determination of copper in juice samples.

Keywords:

• Correlation graphs
• fruit juice
• FS FAAS
• indium
• internal standard

The authors are grateful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for providing grants and fellowships and for financial support.

Notes

∗Indium (10 mg L⁻¹) used as internal standard.