On-Line Standard Addition Technique for the Determination of Elements in the Samples with High Dissolved Solids by ICP-OES: Application to Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Samples

Abstract

A simple and rapid on-line standard addition method for analysis of samples with high dissolved solids by ICP-OES is reported. The method involves on-line addition of standard solutions to the sample using a T-piece, prior to the sample introduction system. The standard addition method is commonly used in the analysis of samples with complex matrices. However, the conventional standard addition method is a tedious and time-consuming process. Therefore, in this study, on-line standard addition technique was offered to significantly decrease the analysis time and increase the simplicity of the standard addition method. The performance of the proposed method was tested by determination of rare earth elements in geological samples. This method showed a high level of accuracy in comparison with external calibration and internal standard addition methods.

Keywords:

• Geological sample
• ICP-OES
• On-line standard addition
• Rare earth elements

Notes

¹Sum of sample and standard lines.

^a Obtained with pumping the standard solutions of REEs while two pump lines were into standard solutions.

^b Obtained when one pump line (standard line) was into the standard solutions and the other line (sample line) was into deionized water bottle.