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Abstract
A novel adsorbent, octadecyl modified graphene, was prepared for hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction to increase the efficiency of the preconcentration process. The modified material was employed for the isolation of metolcarb, carbaryl, isoprocarb, and diethofencarb from vegetables prior to determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Octadecyl modified graphene dispersed in 1-octanol served as the acceptor phase of the sorbent, resulting in enhanced efficiency. The optimization of several parameters was carried out to achieve the maximum efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear from 0.5 to 100.0 nanograms per gram for carbaryl and 1.0 to 100.0 nanograms per gram for the other analytes with correlation coefficients (r) between 0.9952 and 0.9990. The limits of detection for the carbamates were from 0.2 to 0.6 nanogram per gram. The recoveries of the analytes ranged from 90.3 to 107.4 percent, indicating the excellent performance of the method for the determination of carbamates in vegetables.