Ultrasound Assisted Ferrofluid Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction Coupled with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for the Determination of Cobalt in Environmental Samples

Abstract

This study proposes a novel deep eutectic solvent based-ferrofluid to develop a dispersive liquid phase microextraction method. The efficiency of the protocol was evaluated by determining the trace levels of Co (II) from environmental water samples by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Ultrasound was employed to enhance the sorbent dispersion with enhanced extraction recovery. The experimental variables with a significant impact on the cobalt extraction efficiency were also examined. Using the optimal conditions, the limit of detection and enrichment factor were 0.7 and 50 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 2.6%. The proposed method successfully determined cobalt in water samples with recovery and relative standard deviation values from 96.4 to 99.0% and 2.4 to 3.9%, respectively. This promising method is an environmentally friendly, feasible, and efficient sample preparation route.

Keywords:

• Cobalt determination
• deep eutectic solvent
• dispersive liquid phase microextraction; flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)
• ferrofluid

Additional information

Funding

The authors appreciate the financial support provided by Payame Noor University.