Aniline-Naphthylamine Copolymer as the Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Fiber Coating for the Determination of Chlorobenzenes by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Abstract

A new solid phase microextraction fiber coating based on aniline-naphthylamine copolymer was prepared using an electrochemical approach on a wire as a robust substrate. The aniline polymer, naphthylamine polymer, and diverse ratio of the aniline-naphthylamine copolymer were synthesized and subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the aniline-naphthylamine copolymer has high porosity and a non-uniform structure compared to the unmodified polymers. The method was employed for the determination of chlorobenzenes (CBs) as model compounds for determination from water samples. The significant parameters of the sorbent morphology and extraction processes, including the type of polymer, the concentration of polymer, the electrochemical time and applied voltage, the extraction time and temperatures, and the concentration of salts, were optimized. The developed approach is sensitive, rapid, and provides suitable detection limits between 0.8 and 1.5 ng L⁻¹. Moreover, the limit of quantification was 3–5 ng L⁻¹ with an equilibrium time of 25 min. The linearity of the method was between 5 and 1500 ng L⁻¹ with the correlation coefficient R² exceeding 0.9997. The repeatability of the method was evaluated at 40 ng L⁻¹ and relative standard deviation values were from 4 to 8% were obtained. Lastly, the developed protocol was employed to analyze natural water samples with recovery values from 96 to 101%, illustrating the absence of matrix effects.

Keywords:

• Aniline-naphthylamine copolymer
• chlorobenzenes
• gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
• solid phase microextraction (SPME)
• water analysis

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.