The Making of Modern Science: Science, Technology, Medicine and Modernity: 1789–1914

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Notes

¹For a critical discussion, see Peter Galison, ‘Ten Problems in History and Philosophy of Science’ Isis 99 (2008): 111–124. For an instructive account and application of integrated history and philosophy of science, see Hasok Chang, Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).

²For a discussion of counterfactual history of science, see Gregory Radick, ‘Other Histories, Other Biologies’, in Anthony O'Hear (ed.), Philosophy, Biology, and Life (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 21–47.

³Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophie positive (Paris: Baillière, 1864).

⁴See Stephen Gaukroger, Science and the Shaping of Modernity, 1210-1685 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). This is the first in a quintet of studies of The Emergence of a Scientific Culture. It is also interesting to note the use of the indefinite article.

⁵See Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discours sur les sciences et les arts (Geneva, Barillot & fils, 1750).

⁶Sandra Harding, Sciences From Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, Modernities (Indianapolis: Duke University Press, 2008) and Margaret C. Jacob ‘Science, Global Capitalism, and the State’, James Delbourgo and Nicholas Dew, eds. Science and Empire in the Atlantic World. London: Routledge, 2008), 333–344.

⁷A useful recent study is Philip Kitcher, Science in a Democratic Society (New York: Prometheus Books, 2011).