In Kind: Species of Exchange in Early Modern Science

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

Notes

¹This issue of Annals of Science stems from a workshop that was held at the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities at Cambridge University in June, 2010. The editors would like to thank CRASSH, as well as everyone who participated in the workshop, including Brian Ogilvie, Peter Anstey, and Alix Cooper. We would particularly like to thank Sachiko Kusukawa, who served as the faculty host at Cambridge for this event. Finally, special thanks are due to Dan Carey for his helpful input on the present introduction.

²Carolus Linnaeus, Philosophia botanica, in qua explicantur fundamenta botanica cum definitionibus partium, exemplis terminorum, observationibus rariorum, adiectis figuris aeneis (Stockholm: Kiesewetter, 1751), 225

³Christopher Fox, Roy Porter, Robert Wokler, eds., Inventing Human Science: Eighteenth Century Domains (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995); Richard Drayton, Nature's Government: Science, Imperial Britain, and the ‘Improvement of the World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), 3–25; Charles H. Parker, Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age, 1400–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010); Philip Sloan, ‘John Locke, John Ray, and the Problem of the Natural System’, Journal of the History of Biology, 5 (1972), 1–53; Julie Livingston and Jasbir Puar, Interspecies, introduction to issue of Social Text, 29 (2011), 3–14.

⁴On intentional species, see in particular Dominik Perler, Die Repräsentation bei Descartes (Frankfurt: Klostermann, 1996).

⁵Steven Shapin, The Scientific Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 57.

⁶Simon Schaffer, ‘Golden Means: Assay Instruments and the Geography of Precision in the Guinea Trade’, in Instruments, Travel and Science: Itineraries of Precision from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century, edited by Christian Licoppe, Heinz Otto Sibum and Marie-Noëlle Bourguet (New York: Routledge, 2002), 20–50 (41); Daniel Carey, Locke, Shaftesbury, and Hutcheson: Contesting Diversity in the Enlightenment (Cambridge University Press, 2006); William Pietz, ‘The Problem of the Fetish, IIIa: Bosman's Guinea and the Enlightenment Theory of Fetishism’, Res, 16 (1988), 105–23.

⁷G. W. Leibniz gives a typical statement of this view, when he writes to G. E. Stahl in 1709–10 of ‘God having most wisely constituted all things from the beginning so that they are born in turn from one another, bound together in a sort of golden chain’. See G. E. Stahl, Negotium otiosum, seu Skiamachia (Halle: Litteris Orphanotrophei, 1720), 4; see also François Duchesneau and Justin E. H. Smith (tr. and ed.), The Leibniz-Stahl Controversy, in The Yale Leibniz series (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013).

⁸Nick Hopwood, Simon Schaffer and Jim Secord, ‘Seriality and Scientific Objects in the Nineteenth Century’, History of Science, 48 (2010), 251–85.

⁹François Bernier, ‘Nouvelle Division de la Terre, par les differentes Espèces ou Races d'hommes qui l'habitent’, Journal des Sçavans 12 (1684), 148–55; Pierre Boulle, ‘François Bernier (1620-88) and the Origins of the Modern Concept of Race’, in The Color of Liberty: Histories of Race in France, edited by Sue Peabody and Tyler Stoval (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003), 11–27; Joan Pau Rubiés, ‘Race, Climate and Civilization in the Works of François Bernier’, in L'Inde des Lumières, edited by Marie Fourcade and Ines G. Županov (Paris: EHESS, forthcoming, 2013).

¹⁰James Delbourgo, ‘Sir Hans Sloane's Milk Chocolate and the Whole History of the Cacao’, Social Text, 29 (2011), 71–101.

¹¹Trevor Murphy, Pliny the Elder's Natural History: The Empire in the Encyclopedia (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).

¹²Harold J. Cook, Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine and Science in the Dutch Golden Age (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007).

¹³Michel Foucault, The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (1966; New York: Vintage, 1970), 131; Jonathan Partridge to Hans Sloane, September 15, 1713, British Library Sloane Manuscript 4043, fol. 184; Paula Findlen, ed., Athanasius Kircher: The Last Man Who Knew Everything (New York: Routledge, 2004).

¹⁴Anna Winterbottom, ‘Botanical and Medical Networks of Madras, 1680–1720’ (forthcoming); Ted McCormick, William Petty and the Ambitions of Political Arithmetic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010); Laura Hostetler, ‘Qing Connections to the Early Modern World: Ethnography and Cartography in Eighteenth-Century China’, Modern Asian Studies, 34 (2000), 623–62; Paola Dematté, ‘Emperors and Scholars: Collecting Culture and Late Imperial Antiquarianism’, in Collecting China: The World, China, and a Short History of Collecting, edited by Vimalin Rujivacharakul (Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2011), 165–75.

¹⁵Jack Goody, The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986) ; James Delbourgo and Staffan Müller-Wille, introduction to ‘Listmania’, Isis, 103 (2012), 710–15.

¹⁶Sloan, ‘John Locke, John Ray, and the Problem of the Natural System’.

¹⁷Ann Blair, Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010).

¹⁸Foucault, The Order of Things, 141.