What was the crime of Galileo?

Summary

In the trial of Galileo there is a small but significant discrepancy between the text of his condemnation by the Holy Office and the text of his recantation, which has been generally overlooked or ignored. The offence that he was required to recant was more serious than the one of which he had been found guilty. The most plausible explanation seems to be that the two texts were drawn up independently of each other by the Inquisitors and the Pope respectively, and that the latter wished to deal more harshly with Galileo than the former. There is some independent evidence for this supposition.