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Abstract
The manufacture of benzidine is associated with a high risk of developing bladder cancer. In this series, 13 of 25 exposed men developed tumors of the bladder. The common chemical to which all were exposed was benzidine, the most likely carcinogen. However, multiple exposures to other highly suspect chemicals did occur, and they cannot he entirely discounted.
The respiratory route is of major importance as a portal of entry, at least under some manufacturing conditions.
Urinary pap smears should be the basic surveillance of persons at special risk of cancer of the urinary bladder. When a skilled and experienced reader is not available, education in the significance of hematuria can be very effective.
Number of persons exposed should be limited. Rotation of employees does not decrease risk to the employee, and increases the number at risk.