Analysis of Aerosol Deposition in the Healthy Human Lung

Abstract

Wide variation in the pattern of deposition of inhaled aerosols has previously been described in both healthy and diseased humans. To investigate the factors responsible for such variation, the authors studied a group of 13 healthy nonsmoking subjects. On two occasions each subject inhaled a monodisperse 8.1 mm (mass median aerodynamic diameter) Fe₂O₃ aerosol labelled with ^99mTc using a standardized breathing pattern. Pulmonary function was defined by tests of forced expiratory airflow. Total activity in the right lung at 0 hr and at 24 hr (24-hr percent retention) was measured using a gamma camera. Numerical indices of deposition pattern were derived in several ways from the initial gamma camera image of the right lung by comparing the ratio of activity within a mid- and peripheral lung region of interest, by analyzing the profile of radioactivity within a horizontal band across the right lung from the midline to the lung edge, and by analysis of a distribution histogram of activity within the whole lung (skew and kurtosis), The 24-hr percent retention of aerosol showed considerable intrasubject variability unlike the deposition indices. The various deposition indices were found to correlate with the 24-hr percent retention, FEV_1.0, FEV_l.0/FVC%, and MMFR at varying levels of significance.

Results indicate that the pattern of aerosol deposition in healthy humans is influenced by mild degrees of obstruction to airflow, as reflected by tests of forced expiratory airflow, increasing airways obstruction being associated with more central deposition of the inhaled aerosol. Deposition indices derived from the initial pattern of aerosol distribution within the lung may prove to be more reliable and sensitive than measurements of 24-hr percent retention in defining aerosol deposition pattern.