Urinary Porphyrins in Children Exposed Transplacentally to Polyhalogenated Aromatics in Taiwan

Abstract

In 1979, there was a large (>2,000 cases) outbreak of poisoning due to contaminated rice oil in central Taiwan. The causal agent was a mixture of thermally degraded polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated quaterphenyls, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, which had become mixed with the oil during processing. Patients remained symptomatic for several years afterward, and the chemicals persisted in their tissue. Women who became pregnant had children with high perinatal mortality and a dysmorphic syndrome. We examined urines from 75 children born to exposed mothers after the oil was confiscated, 74 controls, and 12 sibs of the exposed children. Four of the transplacentally exposed children, 2 controls, and 1 sib had a type B hepatic porphyria (i.e., uroporphyrin > coproporphyrin); total porphyrin excretion was elevated in the exposed children as a group (95 vs. 81 μg/L); and 8 of the 75 exposed children and 2 controls had total urinary porphyrin concentrations of >200 μg/L.