Clinical and Immunological Responses in Subjects Sensitive to Solvents

Abstract

Twenty patients proved sensitive to a 15-min exposure to 15 ppm toluene. We assessed patients neuropsychologically before and after toluene exposure, and they had impaired cognitive functioning characterized by a deterioration in short- and long-term memory and psychomotor coordination. We measured total immunoglobin G and T-cell antigen-binding molecules against an antigen prepared by conjugation of para-aminobenzoic acid to human serum albumin in 20 patients and 16 controls. There was no significant difference in the immunoglobulin G levels to the antigen in the 2 groups, but the levels of T-cell antigen-binding molecules against the para-aminobenzoic acid conjugated to human serum albumin were elevated significantly in subjects sensitive to toluene. We also found significant associations between T-cell antigen-binding molecule levels and (a) decreased performance on the STROOP (Colour Word) test, (b) a shift in focal length following toluene exposure, (c) clinical assessment of disability, and (d) longer histories of chemical exposure. The measurement of T-cell antigen-binding molecules against chemical haptens may be valuable in the assessment of patients who are sensitive to chemicals.