Abstract
After his family had been given the duchy of Parma, Ottavio Farnese I bought the Quattrocento fortress on the outskirts of the city, formerly known as the Castello Sforza, and in 1561 began to remodel it as a garden pleasure palace.1 The most significant of his alterations was the landscaping of the large area surrounding the castello with pleasure gardens, in which he placed rare plants, statues, vases, and a fountain. Following this metamorphosis the name of the building was changed to Palazzo del Ciardino.2