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Landscapes of Renewable Energy

Farmer Attitudes Toward Production of Perennial Energy Grasses in East Central Illinois: Implications for Community-Based Decision Making

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Pages 852-862 | Received 01 Mar 2010, Accepted 01 Dec 2010, Published online: 11 May 2011
 

Abstract

Throughout the Midwestern United States, land owners and managers, mainly farmers, are increasingly considering the possibility of transforming industrial agricultural landscapes that currently are used almost strictly for food production to landscapes that include renewable energy production. Because most land in this region is privately owned and independently farmed, transformation of the landscape will be the product of myriad decisions by individual farmers. Little is known about the geographic, environmental, and sociocultural forces that influence farmers’ decisions. We use survey methods and a geographic information system (GIS)-aided focus group to elicit farmers’ perspectives on growing perennial energy grasses such as switchgrass in central Illinois. Approximately one third of surveyed farmers are willing to plant energy grasses if a local market exists. Farmers’ planting decisions are bound up with their understandings of land suitability for planting at the farmstead and regional scales. Through a GIS-aided focus group, participants defined lands suitable for energy grass production—marginal lands—not purely in environmental terms but in relation to existing cropping patterns, farming operations, land parcel characteristics, and the social relations of farming. We find that farmers perceive an array of economic, social, and geographic barriers to energy grass cultivation and that these perspectives deserve attention in renewable energy policy debates.

A través de todo el Medio-Oeste de los Estados Unidos, los propietarios de tierras y administradores, principalmente agricultores, crecientemente están considerando la posibilidad de transformar los paisajes agrícolas industriales, hasta ahora casi estrictamente utilizados para la producción de alimentos, en paisajes que que incluyan la producción de energía renovable. Debido a que la mayor parte de la tierra en esta región es de propiedad privada y se cultiva de manera independiente, la transformación del paisaje será el producto de infinidad de decisiones de granjeros individuales. Muy poco se conoce de las fuerzas geográficas, ambientales y socio-culturales que influyen en las decisiones de los agricultores. Utilizamos métodos de levantamiento de campo y un grupo focal ayudado por un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), para establecer las perspectivas que tienen los granjeros de cultivar pastos energéticos perennes, como el pasto varilla (Panicum virgatum), en la parte central de Illinois. Aproximadamente la tercera parte de los granjeros entrevistados tienen la disposición de cultivar tales pastos, si existe un mercado local. Las decisiones de los granjeros sobre qué cultivar están ligadas a sus conocimientos sobre las propiedades adecuadas del suelo para determinado cultivo a escalas de la finca y regional. Mediante el grupo focal ayudado por SIG, los participantes definieron la tierra apropiada para la producción de pasto energético—las tierras marginales—no meramente en términos ambientales sino en relación con los patrones de cultivo existentes, las operaciones agrícolas, las características de las parcelas de tierra y las relaciones sociales de la agricultura. Encontramos que los agricultores perciben un conjunto de barreras económicas, sociales y geográficas para el cultivo de pastos energéticos y que estas perspectivas merecen atención en los debates sobre políticas de energía renovable.

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by a Community Informatics Initiative grant from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The authors would like to thank Steve John, Executive Director of the Agricultural Watershed Institute, for his support throughout the research project.

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