3,073
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Methods, Models, and GIS

Mapping the DNA of Urban Neighborhoods: Clustering Longitudinal Sequences of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Change

Pages 36-56 | Received 01 Mar 2015, Accepted 01 Aug 2015, Published online: 14 Dec 2015
 

Abstract

The spatial pattern of longitudinal trends in neighborhood socioeconomic dynamics has long been implied by traditional urban models dating back to the Chicago School; however, empirical studies beyond the mapping of change between two points in time are surprisingly limited. This article introduces a methodology to the study of spatial–temporal patterns of neighborhood socioeconomic change. The approach first involves establishing discrete classes of neighborhoods following a k-means clustering procedure and then applies a sequential pattern mining algorithm to determine the similarity of longitudinal sequences. Sequences are then clustered to derive a typology of neighborhood trajectories. The method is employed in an empirical analysis of neighborhood change from 1970 to 2010 for all census tracts in the cities of Chicago and Los Angeles. In Chicago, this time period was marked by a sustained process of center city revitalization through two distinct upgrading processes, whereas in Los Angles, neighborhood upgrading largely came in the form of suburban upgrading. The spatial structure of neighborhood dynamics in Chicago resembled patterns described by Chicago School theorists, whereas the dynamics of Los Angeles deviated from this ordered regularity.

邻里社经动态的纵贯趋势之空间模式, 往往意味着追溯至芝加哥学派的传统城市模型; 但超越绘製两点间随着时间改变的经验研究, 却出人意料地相当有限。本文引介一个研究邻里社经变迁的时空模型之方法论。该方法首先依循K方法的集群过程建立不连续的邻里类别, 接着应用序列模式探勘演算法来决定纵贯序列的相似性。序列接着进行集群, 以取得邻里轨迹的类型学。该方法应用于 1970 年至 2010 年间, 芝加哥与洛杉矶城市所有人口统计区的邻里变迁之经验分析。在芝加哥, 此一时期以透过两造相异升级过程所展现的持续性市中心复苏过程为特徵; 在洛杉矶, 邻里提升则大幅以郊区升级的形式发生。芝加哥的邻里动态空间结构, 近似于芝加哥学派理论家所描绘的模式, 而洛杉矶的动态, 则偏离了此般具有秩序的规律性。

Desde hace mucho tiempo el patrón espacial de las tendencias longitudinales en la dinámica socioeconómica vecinal ha estado implícito en los modelos urbanos tradicionales originarios de la Escuela de Chicago; sin embargo, los estudios empíricos que vayan más allá del mapeo del cambio entre dos puntos a través del tiempo son sorprendentemente limitados. Este artículo presenta una metodología para el estudio de patrones espacio-temporales del cambio socioeconómico de los vecindarios. Primero, el enfoque implica establecer clases discretas de vecindarios por medio de un procedimiento de conglomerados de k-medias, para luego aplicar un algoritmo secuencial de minería de patrones para determinar la similitud de secuencias longitudinales. Enseguida, las secuencias son agrupadas para derivar una tipología de trayectorias vecinales. El método se emplea en un análisis empírico de cambio vecinal de 1970 a 2010 para todos los distritos censales de las ciudades de Chicago y Los Ángeles. En Chicago, este período de cambio estuvo marcado por un proceso sostenido de revitalización del centro a través de dos procesos distintos de renovación, mientras que en Los Ángeles la revitalización ocurrió en gran medida en términos de renovación suburbana. La estructura espacial de la dinámica vecinal en Chicago trae a la mente los patrones descritos por los teóricos de la Escuela de Chicago, mientras que la dinámica de Los Ángeles se desvía de esa regularidad ordenada.

Acknowledgments

Valuable feedback and encouragement of this research idea and earlier drafts of this work were provided by Eric Delmelle and Irene Casas. Comments from five anonymous reviewers also helped to improve the quality of this article.

Funding

I would like to acknowledge funding support from a Faculty Research Grant from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Elizabeth C. Delmelle

ELIZABETH C. DELMELLE is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and Earth Sciences at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include the application of quantitative and computational techniques to further understand neighborhood dynamics.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.