Summary
In this paper, we review current knowledge concerning the relationship between bell-miner-associated dieback and landscape- scale processes. We consider land clearing and fragmentation, logging and associated disturbances, fire and grazing regimes, weed establishment, nutrient changes, pathogenic factors and hydrological factors, while recognising that these factors interact. A case study from Toonunbar State Forest illustrates the complexity of factors involved in this form of dieback.