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Abstract
Current classifications of leadership styles are reviewed and it is maintained that a more inclusive classification would measure leadership style on two separate dimensions of need for control and participation. With such a classification it is possible to relate leadership style directly to group structure by measuring the difference between the leader's expressed needs and the opportunity he has of satisfying these needs in the position he is assigned within the structure. Opportunities for satisfying these. needs are measured by indices of potential influence and participation. Finally, a discrepancy index, d, is developed to enable measurement of the difference between the matrix of needs and the matrix of need opportunities. The relation between d values of leaders and members and job satisfaction and group productivity is investigated in a number of experimental small-group studies.