Drug and crime cycle: Evaluating traditional methods versus diversion strategies for drug-related offences

Abstract

There is considerable debate in the current literature, regarding the appropriateness and effectiveness of incarceration as a means of punishment for perpetrators of drug-related crime. Researchers have begun to question incarceration due to factors such as expanding prison populations, the economic burden placed upon society, the negative consequences and side-effects for offenders, and the apparent ineffectiveness of incarceration as a long-term crime prevention technique. New approaches to tackling the problems of drug-related offences, such as diversion strategies, have been proposed. The literature to date suggests that diversion strategies may be effective in reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. However, there are recognised limitations to this approach, highlighting the need for more evaluations before solid conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of diversion schemes. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current literature regarding the efficacy of diversion strategies as an alternative to the traditional methods of crime prevention for drug-related offenders. Strengths and weaknesses of diversion programs in general and for three specific types of diversion strategies (i.e., cautioning schemes, referral programs, and drug courts) are discussed. Finally, recommendations are provided for maximising the effectiveness of diversion strategies.

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to the reviewers of this article for their comprehensive feedback.