Efficient Least Squares Traverse Adjustment Using Spreadsheets

Thomas W.C. Hu Department of Civil Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Francis Tan School of Geoinformatics, Planning and Building, University of South Australia, South Australia, 5001, Australia

Alan Barnes School of Education (Magill), University of South Australia, South Australia, 5001, Australia

Abstract

This paper establishes the theory and an efficient spreadsheet procedure for direct minimization of squared residuals using the idea of an expanding ellipsoid and Excel’s generalized reduced gradient (GRG) solver. Not requiring any series expansion or programming, the new approach makes least-squares traverse adjustment as easy to apply as the popular Bowditch method, yet restores full mathematical rigor.

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Efficient Least Squares Traverse Adjustment Using Spreadsheets

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Efficient Least Squares Traverse Adjustment Using Spreadsheets

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