Effect of reducing dietary mineral content on growth performance, water intake, excreta dry matter content and blood parameters of broilers

Abstract

1. The objective of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to reduce phosphorus (P) excretion by feeding a lower level of dietary P than that currently recommended, without compromising welfare, and whether this is sensitive to the level of dietary calcium (Ca).

2. A randomised complete block design was used with a total of 224 1-d-old male chicks of a commercial genotype in two batches. Chicks had a 10-d adaptation period. After this, they were moved to cages and allocated to one of 4 dietary treatments (4 and 3 birds per cage in batch 1 and 2, respectively). A standard level of Ca and P (8·3 and 6·6 g/kg, respectively) was compared with three lower levels of Ca (7·3, 6·3 and 5·3 g/kg) all at the same reduced level of P (5·5 g/kg). Records were made of live weight of birds on an individual basis and feed and water consumption on a cage basis. Every 7 d, the dry matter (DM) content of a sample of mixed excreta from each cage was measured. Birds were slaughtered and samples taken for analysis of plasma mineral content, retention of N, Ca and P and tibia bone strength.

3. The initial reduction in dietary mineral level did not adversely affect performance or bone strength. However, decreasing dietary Ca level below 7·3 g/kg, at constant P, led to reduced feed consumption and bone strength. Dietary treatment had no significant overall effect on water intake, water : feed ratio, excreta DM content, Ca and P retention or metabolisability of DM. There was no significant correlation between mean plasma Ca or P level and DM content of rectal digesta.

4. In conclusion, reducing dietary P from 6·6 to 5·5 g/kg to reduce potential environmental impact of broiler production had an adverse effect on bird welfare when the level of Ca was reduced below 7·3 g/kg, as a result of decreased feed intake in the early growth period and reduced skeletal strength.

AcknowledgEments

The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran for funding the project and also Mr James Wightman and Mr Michael Hearn for their technical support in caring for the birds and assisting with data collection.