Chromium histidinate protects against heat stress by modulating the expression of hepatic nuclear transcription factors in quail

Abstract

1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental chromium histidinate (CrHis) on performance and expressions of hepatic nuclear factors kappaB, an enhancer (NF-κB) and an inhibitor (IκBα) of activated B cells in heat-stressed Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

2. A total of 180, 10-d-old Japanese quail were allocated randomly into 6 groups in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Birds were reared either at 22°C for 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN) or 34°C for 8 h/d (heat stress, HS) for 32 d and fed on one of three diets supplemented with 0, 400 or 800 µg of CrHis per kg of diet. Each group consisted of 10 cages, each containing three quail. Data (performance variables and hepatic NF-κB and IκBα) were analysed using 2-way ANOVA.

3. Heat stress caused reductions in cumulative feed intake (FI) by 5·7%, weight gain (WG) by 13·0%, final body weight (FBW) by 10·3%, carcase weight by 12·6% and carcase efficiency by 2·3% and an increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR, feed consumed, g:weight gained, g) by 8·4%. As supplemental CrHis level increased up to 800 µg/kg, there were linear increases in cumulative FI (from 602 to 609 g), WG (from 134 to 138 g), FBW (from 167 to 171 g), cold carcase weight (from 110 to 114 g) and cold carcase efficiency (from 65·5 to 66·4%) and a decrease in FE (from 4·51 to 4·42). The environmental temperature by CrHis level interaction effect on performance parameters was insignificant. Hepatic NF-κB p65 concentration was higher and hepatic IκBα concentration was lower in quail exposed to HS than in quail kept at TN temperature. Increasing supplemental CrHis level linearly inhibited hepatic NF-κB p65 expression from 134·4 to 105·3% and linearly enhanced hepatic IκBα expression from 73·4 to 99·6%. The decrease in hepatic NF-κB expression and the increase in hepatic IκB expression were more notable in the TN environment than in the HS environment.

4. In conclusion, heat stress depressed performance variables and augmented lipid peroxidation and supplemental CrHis alleviated oxidative stress through modulating expressions of stress-related hepatic nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB and IκBα).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Veterinary Control and Research Institute of Elazig for providing the experimental facility and Nutrition 21 (NY, USA) for providing chromium histidinate.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there is a conflict of interest. One of the contributing authors, J.K. Komorowski, works on product development for Nutrition 21 Inc. (Purchase, NY).