Effect of fermented moist feed on performance, gut bacteria and gut histo-morphology in broilers

Abstract

1. Fermented feed has been shown to be beneficial in pig nutrition as a tool to reduce gut microbial disorders. Experiments with fermented feed in poultry are scarce, probably because of the belief that wet feed is less suitable for this species and causes wet litter.

2. A total of 280 one-d-old Ross 308 chickens were used in a completely randomised design with two dietary treatments (7 replicates of 20 birds/treatment); air-dry feed versus the same feed in moist form (water:feed ratio of 1.3:1, on a weight basis), inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 40087 (9 log₁₀ CFU/kg feed) and batch-fermented for 48 h at 26°C. The birds were given starter (d 0–13), grower (d 4–26) and finisher (d 27–39) diets ad libitum. At the end of the grower and finisher period, two birds per pen were removed to sample intestinal contents for cultivating bacteria and intestinal tissue to determine villus height and crypt depth.

3. Fermented moist feed (FMF) batches showed good characteristics, with a pH between 3.9 and 4.4 and DL-lactic acid between 137 and 286 mmol/l. Daily feed intake and gain were reduced considerably in the FMF group in the starter (–40 and –44%, respectively) and grower (–23 and –16%) period, though in the finisher period these birds performed better, with an improved feed utilisation. Concomitant with the latter, villus height at the mid-jejunum and mid-ileum on d 39 was higher (+22.6% and +16.0%). Significantly more Lactobacilli and less coliforms were found in the foregut and less Streptococci in ileum and caeca of birds given FMF.

4. This trial showed that FMF was detrimental for early bird growth but affected beneficially feed efficiency, the composition of the gut bacteria and villus height in the small intestine in the finisher period in broilers.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors are grateful to H. Van Canneyt, S. Coolsaet and T. Van Der Eecken for dedicated and skilful technical support. The company Hendrix-Haeck is awarded for providing the basal diets and the inoculants. This work was partly supported by Onderzoeksfonds, College University Ghent. None of the authors have conflicts of interest.