Effect of crude protein concentration and dietary electrolyte balance on litter quality, foot pad dermatitis, growth performance and processing yields in two medium heavy turkey hybrids

ABSTRACT

1. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of crude protein (CP) concentration and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance, processing yields, litter quality and foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in male turkeys from two commercial hybrids. Soya bean meal was replaced by vegetable protein sources selected for lower K concentrations to lower DEB in order to improve litter quality and subsequent quality of foot pads.

2. Effects of CP on litter friability and wetness were not consistent during the production period. FPD in turkeys fed on diets with low CP was significantly lower than FPD in turkeys fed on diets with high CP until 84 d. Growth performance was adversely affected at low CP. Processing yields were not affected by CP.

3. Litter was significantly dryer in pens of turkeys fed on diets with low DEB than in pens of turkeys fed on diets with high DEB. FPD in turkeys fed on diets with low DEB was significantly lower than in turkeys fed on diets with high DEB. Growth performance and processing yields were adversely affected at low DEB.

4. FPD in turkey hybrid A was higher than in turkey hybrid B at 28 d of age. Thereafter, no differences in FPD between turkey hybrids were observed. Growth performance and processing yields were not affected by turkey hybrid.

5. Overall, a significant interaction effect of CP × DEB was observed for FCR: in turkeys fed on the high DEB treatment, FCR of turkeys fed on the high CP diets was lower than FCR of turkeys fed on the low CP (LCP) diets whereas on the low DEB treatment, FCR was not affected by CP treatment.

6. It was concluded that litter quality can be improved and FPD may be decreased in turkeys fed on diets containing lower CP and DEB levels.

KEYWORDS:

• Dermatitis
• genotype
• litter moisture
• potassium
• soya bean

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the cooperation with industrial partners: Aviagen Turkeys, Chester, UK; Unaitalia (Italian Meat and Egg Association), Rome, Italy and Società Agricola La Pellegrina (Gruppo Veronesi), Verona, Italy.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The experiment was funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Netherlands as part of the FP7 ERA-Net ANIHWA, “Coordination of European Research on Animal Health and Welfare” project TURKEYWELFARE [number 182]. The Roslin Institute contribution was supported by a core strategic grant [BB/J004316/1] and a project grant [BB/L012022/1].