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Abstract
1. An experiment was conducted with 4 groups of hens: a control group of laying hens, a group subjected to food deprivation for 7 d, a group subjected to food deprivation for 7 d, then re‐fed for 10 d and a group subjected to food deprivation for 7 d then re‐fed for 10 d with two chicks per hen introduced during the last 7 d of re‐feeding.
2. Food deprivation provoked the involution of the oviduct and ovarian regression, as well as a decrease in the plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) and sex steroids (progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol).
3. After 3 d of re‐feeding, there was a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of LH and steroid hormones. This phenomenon was even more marked after 10 d of re‐feeding; most of the hens of the third group which were not given chicks, were at the point of lay.
4. The presence of chicks resulted in the expression of maternal behaviour and suppressed a rapid return to laying. This was especially marked in hens showing typical maternal behaviour traits, for which the morphological and endocrine measurements indicated a decrease in the activity of the hypothalamo‐hypophyseal‐gonadal axis.