Effects of dietary cottonseed meal and iron‐treated cottonseed meal in different laying hen genotypes

Abstract

The effects of dietary screw‐pressed cottonseed meal (CSM) and iron‐treated CSM on laying performance and discolourations in eggs were examined in a range of hen genotypes. In experiment 1, six genotypes, obtained at point‐of‐lay from various sources, were fed on a non‐CSM diet, a diet with 300 g CSM/kg, and a diet containing iron‐treated CSM at 300 g/kg. In experiment 2, two of these genotypes were reared together from day‐old and were fed from 10 to 18 weeks on a non‐CSM diet or a diet containing iron‐treated CSM at 250 g/kg. They were then fed on a non‐CSM layer diet or a diet containing iron‐treated CSM at 300 g/kg, in a 2x2X2 factorial design that also examined the effects of the rearing diet.

2. The effects on food intakes and egg production of including CSM and iron‐treated CSM in layer diets depended on the genotype of the hens. The strongest interaction between breed and diet was on food intake, the breed Hubbard Golden Comet (HGC) being the least tolerant of CSM and iron‐treated CSM.

3. Inclusion of iron‐treated CSM in the rearer diet to supply approximately 70% of the dietary protein had no adverse effects on growth or age at first egg. Food intake and egg production between 18 and 26 weeks were affected by the iron‐treated CSM layer diet, but there were no carry‐over effects attributable to the rearing diets.

4. Genotype was not a factor in the development of the gossypol‐related brown yolk discolouration in fresh or warm‐stored eggs of hens fed on a CSM‐based diet containing 197 mg free gossypol/kg and 52 mg cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA)/kg (experiment 1).

5. In both experiments, the susceptibility of eggs to the CPFA‐related cold storage effects depended on the genotype of the hen, eggs from hens of the HGC breed being more affected than those of ISA hens.

6. Treatment of CSM with crystalline ferrous sulphate heptahydrate, at a 4:1 weight ratio of iron to free gossypol, prevented brown yolk discolourations in all genotypes tested, as assessed by subjecting egg yolks to atmospheres of ammonia, and cold storage of eggs.