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Special issue paper in International Business, Multi-Nationals, and the Nationality of the Company

‘American Management’ vs ‘Swiss Labour Peace’. The closure of the Swiss Firestone factory in 1978

 

Abstract

This article focusses on the closure of the Firestone’s Swiss subsidiary in 1978. It contributes to the existing literature dealing with the ‘nationality’ of multinational companies and the impact of US management style on local capitalist systems. Drawing on a narrative perspective and relying on rich sources from government, labour and trade associations’ archives, the article demonstrates how the ‘nationality’ was subjected to actors’ perceptions and constructed through their discourses. It studies how labour representatives and politicians used the ‘nationality of the company’ as a rhetorical tool to legitimise political actions and institutional change. The analysis also shows Swiss trade associations’ efforts to counteract such narratives and their ability to largely limit state interventionism thanks to their traditionally dominant position.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Harold Oaklander, Professor at Pace University, NY. (1978). The Swiss call it ‘The Firestone Affair’ [Brochure], 1978. Federal Archives (hereafter FA): J1.301#2002/ 197#341*, Bern, CH.

2 Idem.

3 It would have been interesting to have more insights about the employer’s association of the chemical sector, but its archives are not available to my best knowledge. Nevertheless, since the president of the Vorort, Louis von Planta, was also the CEO of Ciba-Geigy, it seems reasonable to expect that the views about the Firestone case were quite similar.

4 Swiss business elites were constantly referring to this ‘liberal order’. For an example, see (Schaller, Citation1978).

5 Dätwyler (2019, January 25), The culture of responsibility. Retrieved from www.datwyler.com.

6 Auschuss der Arbeiterkommission Firestone (1974). Im Räderwerk der Firestone, Gewerkschaftliche Rundschau.

7 OFAE (1982), Cas Firestone. [Report]. Archiv für Zeitgeschichte (hereafter AfZ), IB-Vorort Archiv, 51.5.1.14.

8 Adrian Müller (1977, Oktober 03). Dringliche Interpellation betreffend Entlassungen bei der Firestone AG. [Interpellation]. Staatsarchiv Basel-Landschaft (hereafter SBL), Basel CH.

9 GTCP. (1977). Jahresbericht der GTCP Sektion Pratteln [Annual Report]. Schweizerische Sozialarchiv Archiv (hereafter SSA) 18.315.22, Zurich, CH.

10 SGB, CGN, SVEA, (1976, March 8), Mitbestimmung-Presse.

11 Firestone Schweiz, (1978, March 22) [Release]. FA: J1.301#2002/ 197#341*.

12 John Thompson. (1978). Heute vor 40 Jahren: Das Ende von Firestone in der Schweiz. RadioSRF [Recording].

13 CNG. (1978, April 3). L’arrogance d’une multinationale. Les employés de Firestone seront-ils licenciés? [Release].

14 Hubacher, H. Präsident SSP. (1978). Firestone als Systemschwache. [Release] AF E1108A#1987/7#1584*.

15 FTCP. (1978, June 06). Il y a plan social et plan social. Plan social de Firestone Suisse S. A., Pratteln. [Release].

16 Sozialdemokratischen Faktion. (1978, April 03). Erhaltung der Reifenproduktion in Pratteln, [Postulat] SBL:PA 6009.

17 EVD. (1978 March, 28). Protokollnotiz über die Besprechung des Vorstehers des EVD mit Vertretern der Regierung der Kantone Basel-Landschaft und Aargau: Betriebsschliessung Firestone-Schweiz. [Meeting Minutes]. FA: E7001C#1989/59#715*.

18 Gewerkschaftskartell Baselland: Fall Firestone, Pratteln. Brief an dem Bundesrat der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschft, 30.03.1978.

19 Regierungsrates des Kantons Basel-Landschaft. (1978, April, 14) Protokoll: Firestsone-AG Schweiz: Orientierung über die Verhandlungen mit der Firestone-Konzernleitung. [Minutes] SBL: PA 6009.

20 SHIV. (1977, August 29). Protokoll des Vororts. [Minutes] AFZ, IB Vorort-Archiv 1.5.3.25.

21 SHIV. (1978, April 24). Protokoll des Vororts. [Minutes] AfZ, IB Vorort-Archiv 1.5.3.26.

22 Idem.

23 Rothenbühler, F. (1978, Arpil 06). [Letter to Botschafter R. Probst Washington] FA: J1.301#2002/ 197#341*.

24 Lévy, P. (1979, march 06). Affäre Firestone/Stillegung der Satral SA [Letter to Botschafter R. Probst Washington]. FA: J1.301#2002/197#341*.

25 EVD. (1978, April 12). Discussions concerning the proposed closure of the plant at Pratteln Firestone. [Minutes]. FA: J1.301#2002/ 197#341*.

26 Probst, R. (1978, April 20). Kurzbericht meiner Eindrücke Firestone Akron, [telex to Bundesrat Honegger], FA J1.301#2002/ 197#341*.

27 Arbeiterkommission Firestone. (1978) Aufruf an die Firestone-Belegschaft. [Release] SBL:PA 6009.

28 Müller, A. (1976, April 20). Motion betreffend längerfristige Erhaltung der Arbeitsplätze in der einheimischen Pneuindustrie, [Motion]. SBL: PA 6007.

29 FTCP. (1978, Mai 13). Pour le Vorort, il n’y a pas de quoi fouetter un chat! Firestone condamné. Qui dirige notre pays? Les autorités? Non, ce sont les multinationales et les grandes banques. [Release].

30 Otto Fischer, USAM, (1978, April 12). Quoted in Export und Sozialpolitik [Speech]. FA: E1108A#1987/7#1584*.

31 See note 21.

32 See note 15.

33 Kantonale Einigungsamt Baselland. (1979, November 23). Schiedsspruch. [Trial]]. FA: E7001C#1989/59#715*.

34 ICF. (1973, March 29-30). Rundschreiben Nr.20/73: Sitzung zur Schaffung von Goodyear/Firestone-Weltraten. [Circular]. SSA: 18.315.22.

35 Levinson, C. (1979, August 08). [Letter to Ewald Kaeser], SSA:18.315.22.

36 SHIV. (1976, March 29). Protokoll des Vororts. [Minutes]. AfZ, IB Vorort-Archiv 1.5.3.25.

37 Handelsabteilung. (1979, June 07). Lehren aus dem Fall Firestone. [Circular]. FA: E2200.36#1999/100#555*.

38 PTT. (1978, Oktober 24). Protokoll des Verwaltungsrates, [Minutes]. FA: E7001C#1989/59#715*.

39 Manz, P. (1978, Mai 10). Vermittlung neuer Arbeitsplätzen für ihre vor der Entlassung stehenden Mitarbeiter, [Release]. AF: E7001C#1989/59#715*.

40 N.d. (1978, August, 4). Fabrik für Firestone Produkte AG Pratteln: Stellenvermittlung für Firestone-Arbeitnehmer bisher erfolgreich. [Release]. FA: E717B#1986/171#1119*.

41 Landrats des Kantons Basel-Landschaft. (1978, April 03). Sitzung N° 267. [Minutes].

42 Landrats des Kantons Basel-Landschaft. (1978, January 28). Sitzung. [Minutes].

43 SHIV. (1980, February 25). Protokoll des Vororts. [Minutes] AfZ, IB Vorort-Archiv 1.5.3.27.

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