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Notes
1. International Workshop, Freedom, Bondage, Future and Selves in Central Asia, Middle East and Africa, Shadow of Slavery in West Africa and Beyond, Bicocca University, Milan, September 2015.
2. O. Pétré-Grenouilleau. 2014. Qu'est-ce que l’esclavage? Une histoire globale. Paris: Gallimard; O. Pétré-Grenouilleau. 2004. Les traites négrières. Essai d’histoire globale. Coll. NRF. Paris: Gallimard.
3. A. Sheriff. 2014. The Indian Ocean: Oceanic Connections and the Creation of New Societies. London: Hurst & Co.; E. Alpers. 2014. The Indian Ocean in World History (New Oxford World History). New York: Oxford University Press.
4. F. Bishara. 2014. Paper Routes: Inscribing Islamic Law across the Nineteenth-Century Western Indian Ocean. Law and History Review. November. 32/4.
5. Large migration movements from the interior due to the slave trade strongly influenced the coastal identities. O. Pétré-Grennouillau explains this concept provocatively.
6. Alpers, The Indian Ocean in World History.