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Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 55, 2016 - Issue 3
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Chemical and Extractive Metallurgy – Pyrometallurgy

The effect of ledge toe and thin film formation on cathode voltage drop in aluminium electrolysis cells

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Pages 376-386 | Received 20 Nov 2015, Accepted 25 May 2016, Published online: 30 Jun 2016
 

Abstract

Cathode voltage drop (CVD) in aluminium electrolysis cell has been studied with considerations to the presence of the ledge toe and a thick deposit along the central channel. In this study, the impact of the presence of a thin film between the ledge toe and the thick deposit along the central channel was also considered. Laboratory experiments were performed to study the interrelations in-between the CVD and the cathode material, the heat transfer rate and the covering area by the ledge toe. The ledge toe and the thin film were modelled considering an aluminium carbide layer covered by a sludge deposit. The electrical properties of these layers have been varied to model previously studied observations of composition and morphology. CVD measurements in industrial cells were used to support the model.

La chute de voltage cathodique a été étudiée dans une cellule d’électrolyse d’aluminium en considérant la présence du pied de talus ainsi qu’un dépôt épais le long du canal central. Dans cette étude, la présence d'un dépôt mince entre le pied de talus et le dépôt épais le long du canal central a également été considérée. Des expériences de laboratoire ont été réalisées pour étudier l'effet du matériau de cathode, du taux de transfert de chaleur et de la zone de recouvrement par le pied de talus sur la chute de voltage cathodique. Le pied de talus et le dépôt mince ont été modélisés par une couche de carbure d’aluminium recouverte d'un dépôt de boue. La variation des propriétés électriques de ces couches a été effectuée pour modéliser les différentes compositions et morphologies précédemment observées. Des mesures de chute de voltage cathodique de cellules industrielles ont été utilisées pour soutenir le modèle.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to André Bilodeau for the support he provided during laboratory experiments as well as CVD set-up development. The technical assistance of François Allard in the modelling plot output is greatly acknowledged. The authors also thank Jean-René Landry for manuscript revision and correction. Financial support from Rio Tinto and the Fonds Québécois de la Recherche en Nature et Technologie (FQRNT) are gratefully acknowledged.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [grant number RDCPJ 468858-14].

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