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Original Articles

Assessment of the Leeds Spectral Vision system for detecting biological stains on fabrics

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Abstract

This study is a comparison of the performance of the Leeds Spectral Vision system (infrared and 455 nm) with the Polilight-Flare® Plus UV (365 nm) and the Mini-CrimeScope 400 CSS (485 nm) filter for detecting biological stains (blood, semen, saliva and urine) on a variety of fabric substrates. The samples included neat and diluted stains (1/2, 1/10, 1/50 and 1/100), layered stains and stains prepared using different volumes of fluids (20, 10 and 3 μL) to observe the sensitivity of different filters. The detection of blood in the presence of stains created by household materials that appear visibly similar to blood under ambient lighting was also assessed. The detection of biological stains from blood, semen and urine (10 μL) and saliva (100 μL) were also assessed on three brands of diapers. The blue filter was the optimal choice for the detection of bodily fluids that fluoresce (semen, saliva and urine), performing equally or better than the ultraviolet and outperforming the infrared. The infrared was more effective at detecting blood on all fabric types except white cotton and when blood was mixed with other bodily fluids. The infrared showed improved specificity to blood compared with the CSS filter when stains from fluids other than blood were present.

Résumé

Cette étude avait pour but de comparer la performance du système Leeds Spectral Vision (infrarouge et 455 nm) avec le Polilight-Flare® Plus UV (365 nm) avec celle du filtre Mini-CrimeScope 400 CSS (485 nm) en détectant la présence d'échantillons biologiques (sang, sperme, salive et urine) sur une variété de tissus. Les échantillons comprenaient des taches de sang nettes et diluées (1/2, 1/10, 1/50 et 1/100), des taches de sang superposées et des taches de fluides avec divers volume (20, 10 et 3 μL) afin d'observer la sensibilité des différents filtres. La présence de sang fut testée sur des taches de produits ménagers qui ont visuellement la même apparence que du sang sous la lumière ambiante. La détection de taches biologiques à partir de sang, de sperme, d'urine (10 μL) et de salive (100 μL) a également été testé sur trois marques de couches. Le filtre bleu a été le choix optimal pour la detection de fluides biologiques fluorescents (sperme, salive et urine), avec une performance exaequo ou meilleure à l'ultraviolet, et surpassant l‘infrarouge. L'infrarouge était plus efficace à détecter le sang sur tous les types de matériels, sauf le coton blanc, et lorsque le sang fut mélangé avec d'autres fluides coprorels. L'infrarouge a démontré une amélioration de la spécificité envers le sang comparativement au filtre CSS lorsque les taches des autres fluides sont présents.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the members of Evidence Recovery in the Ottawa Forensic Science Laboratory for examining these substrates and to acknowledge Jake Kurth from Leeds Forensic Systems for coordinating the loan of the demonstration unit.

Notes

1. Arvanetes K. RCMP Forensic Identification Services, Vancouver, personal communication, September 2011.

2. Gibson A. Centre for Applied Science and Technology, British Home Office, personal communication, June 2011.

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