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Abstract
Karyological studies on ten species of the genus Ligusticum (Apiaceae) from the Hengduan Mountains Region of China were carried out. Five species of them are reported for the first time. All species have the same basic chromosome number, x =11, but they could be differentiated by their karyotype formula and quantitative parameters of the karyotypes. L. capillaceum and L. pteridophyllum are tetraploid with the chromosome number of 2n = 4x = 44, other species are diploid with the chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 22. Our cytological results suggest that polyploidy did not play an important role in the chromosome evolution of plants from the Hengduan Mountains Region. Relationships between Ligusticum and its affinities are also discussed. Ligusticum has great diversification in northwestern Yunnan of China, so this region is probably the most diversified center for it.
