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Abstract
Solanaceae has a center of diversity in South America, with several genera endemic to the Andes. Molecular studies recognize the “x = 12” clade, including subfamily Solanoideae, Nicotiana, and Anthocercideae. Solanoideae is the largest group in the family having still many members cytologically unexplored. The mitotic chromosomes and karyotypes of 16 species and two varieties of Andean Solanoideae are here reported, from Brugmansia, Datura, Jaborosa, Latua, Leucophysalis, Lycianthes, Nolana, Salpichroa, Saracha, Solanum, and Witheringia. All species presented 2n = 24, being the numbers of ten taxa reported for the first time. In addition, the diploid number found for Latua pubiflora differed from the previous meiotic one. Average chromosome sizes varied from 1.64 to 4.92 μm. Karyotypes for the genera Saracha (the first for tribe Iochrominae), Leucophysalis, Nolana, and Salpichroa and the Regmandra clade of Solanum were heretofore unknown. In general, karyotypes showed low asymmetry, predominance of m and sm chromosomes, and one satellited pair. The exception was Salpichroa tristis, with no m chromosomes and four st pairs. Karyotype data were useful to single out the species and some of the genera examined. Data are discussed to dilucidate its value in the understanding of the phylogeny and the systematics of the group. The first karyotype for Nolana showed that it is typical of a Solanaceae and very close of Lycium and Grabowskia, as suggested by molecular phylogenies.
